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Name:_______________________ General Adaptation Syndrome – Internet Assignment Please go to the following website: http://classes.midlandstech.edu/carterp/Courses/bio211/body1a.htm 1. Define General Adaptation Syndrome. 2. Name three stressors that lead to General Adaptation Syndrome. 3. What are the three stages of GAS? 4. Stressful conditions are monitored by the _________________, which sends nerve impulses to the ______________ effectors and the _____________ glands. 5. Autonomic Effectors a. lungs - These are affected by the ____________ of bronchiole airways. This allows more ______________ to enter the bloodstream. i. Explain the importance of this response to a stressful situation. b. fat and liver cells - These release more ___________ into the bloodstream. i. Explain the importance of this response to a stressful situation. c. heart – Heart rate increases to increase _____________________ and _____________________ so blood moves through the body more rapidly. i. Explain the importance of this response to a stressful situation. d. blood vessels – Dilation of the blood vessels leading to the __________, ___________, _________, __________ and ___________. Constriction of blood vessels leading to the _________, ___________ and ___________________________. i. Explain the importance of this response to a stressful situation. 6. The nerve impulses to the adrenal _______________ of the adrenal glands leads to the production of the hormones _______________________ and ___________________________. a. What is the purpose of this action? 7. The alarm reaction is also called the _______________________________ response. It involves the rapid stimulation of several autonomic effectors. a. Leads to increased blood flow to those organs that are equipped to reduce the stress. b. Supplies for increased energy (glucose and oxygen) to the cells for increased ATP production—remember cellular respiration. 8. Explain the purpose of the resistance reaction. 9. The ___________________ secretes a number of __________________ hormones that signal the _________________ pituitary to release several hormones. Hypothalamus – Releasing Hormones TRH GHRH CRH - Anterior Pituitary - Hormones TSH hGH ACTH - 10. ACTH – a hormone released by the anterior pituitary gland. This hormone stimulates the adrenal ____________ to release the hormones _____________ and _________________. 11. TSH – a hormone released by the anterior pituitary gland. This hormone stimulates the _______________ gland to release the hormones T3 and T4, better know as triiodothyronine and ________________. 12. hGH – a hormone released by the anterior pituitary gland. This hormone stimulates the conversion of ________________ to glucose. It also stimulates the breakdown of _________. 13. Aldosterone – a hormone released by the adrenal cortex. This hormone causes the increase of ___________________ by causing the kidney to retain ___________ ions (which lead to the retention of __________). Aldosterone also leads to the excretion of ____________ ions, so blood pH does not become too _____ during times of stress. 14. Cortisol – a hormone released by the adrenal cortex. This hormone acts to increase _______________________ levels. It does this by breaking down ____ and _______________ molecules (from fats and muscle). The _____________ then uses these non-carbohydrate sources to make new ______________ molecules. Cortisol also decreases ___________________, and restricts blood flow to areas that may be bleeding, so _____________________________ is maintained. 15. Thyroid hormones (thyroxine) – hormone released by the thyroid gland. This hormone increases the metabolism of ______________ to allow for the formation of ________ in the body cells. 16. The resistance reaction maintains the high level of ____________ flow started in the alarm reaction. The levels of ____________ remaining high in the cells. Water is ______________ by the kidney and blood pH is regulated. Dangerous levels of ____________________ from infection are reduced. Ultimately, the resistance reaction helps the body to cope with long-term stress situations. 17. Exhaustion occurs when the resistance reaction can no longer overcome the stress. The body’s resources become depleted. Name four signs of exhaustion. Fill in the blank. http://classes.midlandstech.edu/carterp/Courses/bio211/body1c.htm 18. Go to the above site and fill in the blanks with the appropriate terms.