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Periotl Nanro SECTION 8.1 [)âte IDENTIFYING DNA AS THE GENETIC MATERIAL Study Guide KEY CONCEPT VOCABULARY DNA was identified as the genetic material through a series of experiments. bacteriophage MAIN IDEA: Griffith finds a "transforming principle." Write the results of Griffith's experiments in the boxes below. Expetiments 1 2 3 4 Results lnjected mice with R bacteria Mice Lived lnjected mice with S bacteria Mice died Killed S bacteria and injected them into mice Mixed killed S bacteria with bacteria and injected them into mice mice lived R mice died Found live S bacteria in the mice's blood c o o E ()o .c + =c E O) l o I 5. a) The S form 'J õo) J o oo oP c o o ()o Which type of bacteria caused disease, the S form or the R form? 6. What conclusions did Griffith make based on his experimental results? Griffith concluded that a transforming principle had been transferred from the heat-killed S bacteria to the live R bacteria. Unit 3 Besource Book McDougal Littell Biology Study Guide 61 Natr¡c I)r tc ['c¡'iod STUDY GUIDE, CONTINUED MAIN IDEA: Avery identifies DNA as the transforming principle. 7. Avery and his team isolated Griffith's transforming principle and performed three tests to learn if it was DNA or protein. In the table below, summarize Avery's work by writing the question he was asking or the results of his experiment. Avery's Ouestion Results What Çpe of molecule does the transforming princlple contain? DNA is present, but protein is not. What is the chemical makeup of the transforming principle? Which type of enzyme destroys the ability of the transforming principle to function? The ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus in the transforming principle is similar to the ratio found in DNA. enzymes that destroy DNA. MAIN IDEA: Hershey and Chase confirm that DNA is the genetic material. 8. Proteins contain sulfer but very little phosphorus 9. DNA contains phosphorus but no sulfer 1O. Summarize fhe two experiments performed by Hershey and Chase by completing the table below. Identify what type of radioactive label was used in the bacteriophage and whether radioactivity was found in the bacteria. Experiment Experiment Bacteriophage 1 sulfer Bacteria C o oE o O c =Co radioactivity absent E o) l o I Experiment 2 phosphorus radioactivity present c) F 'a G o) l o ôU Vocabulary Check 11. Explain what a bacteriophage is and describe or sketch its structure. €, E coat. A bacteriophage is a virus that infects bacteria. It consists of a DNA molecule surrounded by a protein'o o o O 62 study Guide Unìt 3 Besource Book McDougal Littell Biology