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TEST NAME: Astronomy
TEST ID: 62797
GRADE: 09
SUBJECT: Life and Physical Sciences
TEST CATEGORY: My Classroom
Astronomy
Page 1 of 26
Student: Class:
Date:
1. The diagram shows three types of galaxies.
Which table correctly classifies the three galaxies?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Galaxy
Classification
X
Irregular
Y
Spiral
Z
Elliptical
Galaxy
Classification
X
Elliptical
Y
Spiral
Z
Irregular
Galaxy
Classification
X
Irregular
Y
Elliptical
Z
Spiral
Galaxy
Classification
X
Spiral
Y
Irregular
Z
Elliptical
2. When it is summer in the northern hemisphere of Earth, it is winter in the southern hemisphere. Which
statement explains this fact?
A.
The Sun gives off more heat in the summer and less heat in the winter.
B.
Earth is farther from the Sun in winter and closer to the Sun in summer.
C.
With more clouds in the winter, less sunlight can reach the surface of Earth.
D.
Since Earth is tilted on its axis, heat from the Sun gets distributed unequally.
Astronomy
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3. The diagram shows the tilt of Earth and the angle of arriving sunlight caused by this tilt.
Which conclusion is supported by the diagram?
A.
The equator has the greatest number of deserts.
B.
The Northern Hemisphere is experiencing daytime.
C.
The tilt of Earth is causing icebergs to melt.
D.
The Southern Hemisphere is experiencing summer.
4. Scientists have collected data about many galaxies, including the Milky Way galaxy. What makes the Milky
Way galaxy difficult to observe from Earth?
A.
Earth is located inside the Milky Way galaxy.
B.
The Milky Way galaxy absorbs more light than it emits.
C.
The Milky Way galaxy is too distant for detailed observations.
D.
Earth is moving in the opposite direction of the Milky Way galaxy.
5. Which of these are scientific classifications for galaxies in the universe?
A.
dust, gas, ice
B.
small, medium, large
C.
spiral, elliptical, irregular
D.
red giant, white dwarf, supernova
6. Which number is closest to the estimated number of stars in the Milky Way galaxy?
A.
200 thousand
B.
200 million
C.
200 billion
D.
200 trillion
7. A low tide and a high tide occur in the oceans two times each day. Which factor has the greatest affect on
the size of the tides?
A.
air pressure differences
B.
gravitational pull from the Sun
C.
seasonal temperature variations
D.
gravitational pull from the Moon
Astronomy
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8. Nuclear fusion is the source of energy for stars. Besides hydrogen, which other element is most likely also
common in stars?
A.
helium
B.
nitrogen
C.
oxygen
D.
uranium
9. What can most likely be seen without the aid of a telescope on a clear night?
A.
the Milky Way galaxy
B.
moons of other planets
C.
asteroids
D.
Pluto
10. A direct alignment of bodies in the solar system can occur.
This alignment causes which phenomenon at Point X on Earth?
A.
low tides
B.
full moon
C.
solar eclipse
D.
winter season
11. A student reads the following statement about star formation.
Matter in a stellar nebula begins to give off heat and light when it reaches a temperature of 15,000,000°C.
Why is this temperature necessary for a star to begin radiating energy?
A.
Carbon nuclei remain stable until high temperatures are reached.
B.
Hydrogen atoms require high temperatures for the nuclei to fuse.
C.
High temperatures provide the energy needed for combustion to begin.
D.
High temperatures are needed to increase the kinetic energy of heavy atoms.
Astronomy
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12. Earth is tilted at a
º angle relative to the plane of orbit, as shown in Diagram X. Diagram Y represents
Earth at a 45º angle.
Which quadrant on Diagram Y would receive the most direct sunlight if the angle of the tilt of Earth changed
to 45º?
A.
1
B.
2
C.
3
D.
4
13. Just as biologists classify living things, astronomers classify galaxies. What feature is used to classify
galaxies?
A.
size
B.
shape
C.
color
D.
brightness
14. In the 17th century, to estimate the distance to other planets, scientists first used the technique of viewing
the planet from two different locations on Earth’s surface. Which characteristic of the planet were the
scientists using to calculate the distance from Earth?
A.
apparent brightness
B.
apparent motion
C.
size
D.
location
15. All these statements concerning galaxies are accurate except
A.
They contain millions of stars.
B.
Most can be seen without a telescope.
C.
They are millions of light­years apart.
D.
Space contains several billion galaxies.
Astronomy
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16. Areas of Earth receive different amounts of solar energy depending on the tilt of Earth on its axis.
Which latitude receives the greatest amount of solar energy each year on about December 21?
A.
Tropic of Cancer
B.
Equator
C.
Tropic of Capricorn
D.
Antarctic Circle
17. A student observes a glowing band across the night sky. This glowing band is most likely
A.
orbiting planets in the solar system.
B.
a partial view of the Milky Way galaxy.
C.
an asteroid orbiting the Sun.
D.
light from stars in a distant galaxy.
18. The number of stars in the Milky Way Galaxy is best estimated as
A.
one hundred thousand.
B.
one hundred million.
C.
one hundred billion.
D.
one hundred trillion.
Astronomy
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19. Which Venn diagram correctly shows the relationship between Earth, the solar system, and the Milky Way
galaxy?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Astronomy
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20. The diagram shows the tilt of the axis of Earth.
What would be the most likely result if the angle of the axis of Earth decreased to zero?
A.
There would be no occurrence of different seasons.
B.
Intensity of sunlight would be the same in all places.
C.
Days would be longer than nights all through the year.
D.
There would be no changing of the phases of the Moon.
21. The amount of elements heavier than hydrogen is constantly increasing in the universe. Which best identifies
the bodies in which this change is taking place?
A.
stars
B.
planets
C.
galaxies
D.
solar systems
22. In which structure is the Sun located?
A.
Milky Way Galaxy
B.
Andromeda Galaxy
C.
Cat’s Eye Nebula
D.
Horseshoe Nebula
23. In 1987, a supernova was detected in the Large Magellanic Cloud galaxy, which is approximately 169,000
light years from Earth. Which event produces a supernova?
A.
the explosion of a massive star
B.
the birth of a main­sequence star
C.
the collapse of a medium­sized star
D.
the collision of one star with another
24. Which of these is the main source of the electromagnetic energy we use?
A.
battery
B.
wind
C.
sun
D.
coal
Astronomy
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25. The location of our solar system is illustrated in the diagram of the Milky Way Galaxy.
Which conclusion can be reached by the location of our solar system?
A.
Our Sun is near the end of its star cycle.
B.
Our solar system has the only planets in the galaxy.
C.
Our solar system is surrounded by newly formed stars.
D.
Our Sun will be pushed away from the galaxy.
26. All galaxies in the universe
A.
are composed of many stars.
B.
have a clockwise spin.
C.
are irregularly shaped.
D.
have the same number of stars.
Astronomy
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27. This illustration shows the sky in an undeveloped area on a clear, dark night.
What is the central glowing region that is brighter than the area around it?
A.
the gas giant planets
B.
the asteroid belt
C.
the Milky Way galaxy
D.
the Orion nebula
28. A scientist is searching for areas where new solar systems might form. What feature is the scientist looking
for?
A.
a star similar to our Sun
B.
a cloud of dust and gas
C.
an oxygen­rich atmosphere
D.
a gravitational acceleration of
29. The diagram illustrates the evolution of a star over time.
The mass of Star 1 most likely equals which multiple of the mass of the Sun?
A.
0.5 times
B.
2.0 times
C.
10 times
D.
50 times
Astronomy
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30. The diagram shows the difference in sunlight reaching Earth at Points 1 and 2.
Based on the diagram, what is another difference between Points 1 and 2?
A.
Tides will be higher at Point 2 than at Point 1.
B.
The pull from gravity will be greater at Point 2 than at Point 1.
C.
Each day is slightly longer than 24 hours at Point 1 and slightly shorter at Point 2.
D.
The region at Point 1 is experiencing summer while the region at Point 2 is experiencing winter.
31. Which object is a planet found in the Milky Way Galaxy?
A.
Orion
B.
Earth
C.
Polaris
D.
Titan
32. A process occurs in a star that converts matter into energy. Which of these describes the process that
includes the conversion of matter into energy?
A.
Atoms split, decreasing the average size of atomic nuclei.
B.
Atoms fuse, increasing the average size of atomic nuclei.
C.
Atoms release electrons to form positive ions.
D.
Atoms acquire electrons to form negative ions.
33. The length of time between night and day on Earth varies throughout the year. This time variance is explained
primarily by
A.
the position of the Sun.
B.
the position of the Moon.
C.
Earth’s angle of tilt
D.
Earth’s distance from the Sun
Astronomy
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34. The diagram shows the relationship of the sun and Earth if Earth’s axis was at a 90° angle relative to its orbit.
How would season on Earth differ in this alignment compared to the actual alignment?
A.
Seasons on Earth would not be affected.
B.
The entire planet would experience the same season at any given time.
C.
There would be no seasons anywhere on Earth.
D.
It would always be summer at the equators and winter at the poles.
35. At the equator, Earth spins at a rate of about 1670 kilometers per hour. The circumference of Earth at the
equator is about 40000 kilometers. About how long does it take Earth to make one complete rotation on its
axis at the equator?
A.
12 hours
B.
24 hours
C.
29.5 days
D.
365 days
36. The diagram represents Earth, showing two cities and the axis of rotation.
The current temperature in City X is higher than in City Y. Based on the diagram, which statement best
explains this temperature difference?
A.
It is winter in City Y.
B.
City X is closer to the Sun.
C.
It is nighttime in City Y.
D.
City X is in the northern hemisphere.
Astronomy
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37. Why has only one­half of the Moon ever been observed from Earth?
A.
The Moon does not rotate on its axis.
B.
The Moon is not visible during the day.
C.
The Moon has phases that coincide with its rate of rotation.
D.
The Moon rotates at the same rate that it revolves around Earth.
38. Which observation provides evidence of the existence of planets orbiting other stars?
A.
periodic dimming of the stars
B.
periodic X­ray bursts from the stars
C.
rapid location changes of the stars
D.
regular spectrum changes from the stars
39. The height of an ocean tide is variable throughout the month, depending on the alignment of the Sun, the
Moon, and Earth. A diagram shows some phases of the Moon.
During which phase of the Moon would Earth experience the highest tides at Point X?
A.
Phase 1
B.
Phase 2
C.
Phase 3
D.
Phase 4
40. The rotation of Earth on the axis is gradually slowing. This change in rotation rate will most likely cause the
A.
length of days on Earth to become longer.
B.
phases of the Moon to change more slowly.
C.
changing of seasons on Earth to occur more quickly.
D.
length of the orbit around the Sun to become shorter.
Astronomy
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41. In some years, the month of February has 29 days instead of 28 days. Why is it necessary to sometimes add
a day to the calendar?
A.
The speed at which Earth orbits the Sun varies.
B.
It takes the Moon about 27 days to revolve around Earth.
C.
It takes Earth about 365.24 days to revolve around the Sun.
D.
The Moon can complete more than one full cycle in some months.
42. Structures in the universe are grouped into large systems, each of which are made up of smaller systems.
Which of the follwing is the largest system of which Earth is only a very small part?
A.
Jovian planets
B.
Halley’s comet
C.
Milky Way galaxy
D.
Orion’s belt
43. What is the primary means through which the Sun warms Earth?
A.
fluctuation of subatomic particles
B.
fluctuation of gravitational fields
C.
transfer of energy through conduction
D.
transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves
44. Which of these statements is true concerning the Milky Way galaxy?
A.
There are approximately one million stars in the Milky Way galaxy.
B.
There are nine planets in the Milky Way galaxy.
C.
Earth is located in the center of the Milky Way galaxy.
D.
The Sun is one star that can be found in the Milky Way galaxy.
Astronomy
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45. Edinburgh, Scotland receives
hours of daylight in the summer and 7 hours of daylight in the winter.
Which best explains the long summer days in Edinburgh?
A.
Earth is closer to the Sun in the summer, so more of the rays of the Sun reach Edinburgh.
B.
Edinburgh is tilted toward the Sun in the summer, so it is exposed to more sunlight.
C.
The rate of rotation of Earth changes as the seasons change, exposing Edinburgh to more sunlight.
D.
The location of Edinburgh near the Arctic Circle results in the city receiving direct sunlight in the summer.
46. During a solar eclipse, the Moon is positioned between Earth and the Sun. During which phase of the Moon
does a solar eclipse occur?
A.
crescent
B.
full
C.
gibbous
D.
new
47. What type of galaxy is the Milky Way?
A.
spiral
B.
elliptical
C.
irregular
D.
oval
48. Classification of galaxies is based on which characteristic?
A.
the color of the galaxy
B.
the shape of the galaxy
C.
how many stars make up the galaxy
D.
how many planets make up the galaxy
Astronomy
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49. Regions of Earth experience seasons at different times.
At which position in the orbit of Earth would City X have summer?
A.
1
B.
2
C.
3
D.
4
50. Which of these statements is most accurate about the Sun?
A.
It has an infinite energy supply.
B.
It is near the end of its life cycle.
C.
It is in its infancy in terms of energy consumption.
D.
It has consumed approximately one­half of its expendable energy.
51. Which characteristic below most likely accounts for our limited knowledge of galaxies?
A.
their tiny size
B.
their magnetic cores
C.
their inability to produce light
D.
their great distance from Earth
52. On a clear night away from city lights, a band of light is easily observed in the night sky. Which
statement best identifies this band of light?
A.
It is the Milky Way galaxy as seen from the inside.
B.
It is a nearby galaxy known as the Andromeda galaxy.
C.
It is the shift of light made as stars move away from the Sun.
D.
It is a cloud of gas left over from the formation of the Sun.
Astronomy
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53. How does the latitude of a region affect its climate?
A.
by increasing the length of days throughout the year
B.
by increasing the amount of energy the land can absorb
C.
by determining the angle of sunlight throughout the year
D.
by determining the rate that tectonic plates can move
54. A type of solar eclipse called an annular eclipse does not show the corona of the Sun, as in a total solar
eclipse. A ring of sunlight is seen during an annular eclipse.
What would cause an annular eclipse?
A.
Earth is between the Sun and the Moon.
B.
The Moon is closer to the Sun than to Earth.
C.
Earth, the Sun, and the Moon are not in a straight line.
D.
The Moon is at the farthest point away from Earth on its orbit.
55. Earth’s spherical shape results in an uneven distribution of sunlight reaching Earth’s surface.
This uneven distribution is most directly responsible for differences in which climatic variable at different
latitudes on Earth’s surface?
A.
wind speed
B.
temperature
C.
annual rainfall
D.
average humidity
Astronomy
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56. Every day, the moon rises a little more than a half an hour later than it rose the day before. Which statement
best explains this phenomenon?
A.
Earth revolves around the Sun and it rotates on its axis.
B.
The Moon rotates and revolves at about the same rate.
C.
Earth rotates in the same direction as the Moon revolves around Earth.
D.
The Moon completes one rotation in about the same time as one revolution around Earth.
57. A star with twice the mass as the Sun would
A.
start its life cycle with a fission process.
B.
use its fuel source much more quickly.
C.
provide more solar flares.
D.
result in a nebula.
58. Which of the following correctly describes how the Sun produces energy?
A.
One hydrogen atom and one lithium atom fuse into one helium atom.
B.
One hydrogen atom and four helium atoms fuse into one lithium atom.
C.
Two helium atoms fuse into one hydrogen atom.
D.
Four hydrogen atoms fuse into one helium atom.
59. As Earth revolves around the Sun, the number of daylight hours varies from place to place. In which location
would the number of daylight hours remain constant?
A.
North Pole
B.
Prime Meridian
C.
Equator
D.
Antartica
60. One theory states that by the year 14000, the axis of Earth will point towards the star Vega. This is due to the
very slow wobble of the axis of Earth.
Which change is most likely to occur because of the movement of the axis?
A.
Seasons will become more severe.
B.
Winter and summer months will reverse.
C.
Glacial coverage will expand near the poles.
D.
More daylight will increase temperatures.
Astronomy
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61. What do the Milky Way Galaxy and other galaxies in the universe have in common?
A.
They are similar in shape.
B.
They rotate in the same direction.
C.
They contain the same number of stars.
D.
They have similar elements.
62. The Moon revolves around Earth once every 29.5 days. It takes the Moon the same amount of time for it to
complete one rotation. Because of this phenomenon, the same side of the Moon always faces Earth.
Which best explains what makes the timing of the revolution and rotation of the Moon equal?
A.
the lack of water on the Moon
B.
the lack of atmosphere on the Moon
C.
the pull of gravity on the Moon by Earth
D.
the large distance between Earth and the Moon
63. Which of these can be described as a system of stars, gases, dust, and other matter that orbits a common
center of gravity?
A.
an asteroid
B.
a galaxy
C.
a nebula
D.
a comet
64. The Milky Way Galaxy looks like a band of light across the sky. Which observation would provide the best
view of this band of light without a telescope?
A.
observing only near the north or south pole
B.
observing only during a lunar or solar eclipse
C.
observing on any sunny, clear day
D.
observing on any dark, clear night
Astronomy
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65. Raul records the sunrise time in his town once per month for one year. His results are shown in the table.
Sunrise Times for Miami, Florida
Date
Sunrise Time
January 1 7:34 a.m. February 1 7:28 a.m. March 1
7:04 a.m.
April 1 7:27 a.m. May 1 6:54 a.m. June 1 6:36 a.m. July 1 6:38 a.m. August 1 6:55 a.m. September 1 7:14 a.m. October 1 7:30 a.m. November 1 7:51 a.m. December 1 7:16 a.m. Which two characteristics of Earth most account for the trend in this data?
A.
Earth’s tilt and period of revolution
B.
Earth’s distance from the Sun and period of revolution
C.
Earth’s tilt and distance from the Sun
D.
Earth’s distance from the Sun and period of rotation
66. Which discovery revealed that the universe contains many structures composed of millions of stars?
A.
novas
B.
galaxies
C.
black holes
D.
solar systems
Astronomy
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67. The diagram shows an arrangement of Earth, the Sun, and the Moon.
Which most likely occurs at Point X due to the positions of the illustrated bodies?
A.
shorter hours of daylight
B.
stronger magnetic field
C.
early snowfall
D.
high tide
68. India is in the Northern Hemisphere and Australia is in the Southern Hemisphere. In June, it is summer in
India and winter in Australia. What is the main reason the seasons are opposite in the two countries?
A.
because Earth is tilted on its axis
B.
because the Sun rotates on its axis
C.
because Earth revolves around the Sun
D.
because of the distance between the countries
69. Which statement is the best description of the Milky Way galaxy?
A.
a collection of gases held together by inertia
B.
a group of planets revolving around a single star
C.
a collection of stars and gases with the Sun as its center
D.
a group of stars, dust, and planets held together by gravity
70. The Milky Way Galaxy is visible as a bright region in the night sky. Modern telescopic observation has made it
possible to discover that the brightness of the Milky Way Galaxy is due primarily to which structure?
A.
clouds of hot gas
B.
large numbers of stars
C.
high energy compounds
D.
extremely reflective ice particles
Astronomy
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71. A scientific article about the universe will most likely describe the universe as
A.
consisting of billions of galaxies.
B.
being less than two billion years old.
C.
containing approximately ten planets.
D.
becoming smaller over time.
72. Which statement best describes the relationship between Earth and the Milky Way Galaxy?
A.
Earth is billions of light­years away from the Milky Way Galaxy.
B.
Earth is part of a galaxy that is nearest to the Milky Way Galaxy.
C.
Earth is located in the Milky Way galaxy but far from the galaxy center.
D.
Earth is positioned in the center of the Milky Way Galaxy.
73. What statement best explains why the center of the Milky Way Galaxy cannot be observed from Earth?
A.
The center of the galaxy is too far away.
B.
Clouds of gas block light from the center of the galaxy.
C.
Earth’s atmosphere absorbs the radiation from the galactic center.
D.
The core of the galaxy consists of dead stars that do not emit light.
74. The temperate zones of the United States experience changing of seasons from winter to summer. Which is
the reason for this annual change of seasons?
A.
the rotation of Earth on its axis
B.
the tilt of Earth’s axis of rotation
C.
the distance of Earth from the Sun
D.
the size and orbit of the Moon around Earth
75. Earth travels on an elliptical orbit around the Sun.
When Earth is at the point labeled on the diagram, it moves most quickly in its orbit. Which best explains this
more rapid motion of Earth?
A.
The amount of solar heat reaching Earth is greatest at this point.
B.
The Sun’s gravitational pull on Earth is strongest at this point.
C.
Earth is closest to the Sun’s magnetic field at this point.
D.
Earth is closest to the Sun’s radioactivity at this point.
Astronomy
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76. Which illustration best represents the shape of the galaxy that includes the Sun?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Astronomy
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77. During the year, the angle at which the path of the Sun appears in the sky varies. In the Northern Hemisphere,
the path of the Sun appears higher on the horizon during the summer and lower on the horizon during the
winter. Which factor most contributes to the variation in the path of the Sun across the sky?
A.
the rotation of Earth
B.
the tilted axis of Earth
C.
the flattening of Earth at the poles
D.
the elliptical shape of the orbit of Earth
78. The map shows temperatures on an October day in the United States.
Which best explains why Florida has warmer temperatures, on average, than other locations?
A.
Florida is closer to sea level than inland areas.
B.
Sunlight shines more directly on Florida for more hours each day.
C.
Heat energy is transferred to land because ocean currents pass so close to Florida.
D.
Seasonal change takes place later in the year because Florida is closer to the equator.
79. A student observes the Milky Way galaxy in the night sky. Which characteristic of the galaxy makes it
visible?
A.
The galaxy’s stellar nebulae reflect the Sun’s light.
B.
Billions of stars in the galaxy carry out nuclear fusion.
C.
Tons of compressed matter begin to radiate visible light from the galaxy center.
D.
The galaxy spins at a speed that generates a large amount of molecular friction.
80. The influence of the Moon on the tides on Earth is greater than that of the Sun. Which best explains this?
A.
The Moon is more similiar in composition to Earth than the Sun.
B.
The Moon has a smaller mass than Earth and the Sun.
C.
The Moon has a higher density than the Sun.
D.
The Moon is closer to Earth than the Sun.
81. All of these types of waves travel from the Sun to Earth except
A.
light waves.
B.
sound waves.
C.
infrared waves.
D.
ultraviolet waves.
Astronomy
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82. The moon goes through phases as it revolves around Earth. During which phase of the moon would it be
possible for a solar eclipse to occur?
A.
new moon
B.
full moon
C.
waning
D.
waxing
83. The length of a year is determined by the amount of time it takes
A.
the Moon to revolve around Earth.
B.
Earth to revolve around the Sun.
C.
Earth to rotate on its axis.
D.
the Sun to rotate on its axis.
84. The axis of Earth is tilted at an angle of 23.5° from the vertical position. Which of the following is the main
result of this tilt?
A.
tides
B.
eclipses
C.
length of year
D.
change of seasons
85. A very large pendulum can be used to investigate motion and forces on a planetary scale. When the
pendulum is first set in motion, it will swing back and forth along the same line of swing. After a few hours,
the line of the swing of the pendulum will change direction. What most likely affects the line of swing of the
pendulum?
A.
the rotation of Earth on the axis
B.
the revolution of Earth around the Sun
C.
the gravitational pull of the Sun on Earth
D.
the gravitational pull of the Moon on Earth
86. Approximately 59% of the Moon is visible from Earth because the Moon rotates and revolves in the same
period. Which most likely causes this phenomenon?
A.
the gravitational pull of the Sun
B.
the gravitational pull of Earth
C.
the composition of the Moon
D.
the phases of the Moon
87. The changing appearances of the nighttime sky over the surface of Earth and eclipses of the Moon have
provided evidence that
A.
Earth is a sphere.
B.
Earth supports life.
C.
Earth has a layered atmosphere.
D.
Earth is covered mostly with water.
Astronomy
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88. In 2004 the Hubble space telescope captured images of distant star clusters, each containing about a million
stars. These star clusters were most likely part of which structure?
A.
a black hole
B.
a galaxy
C.
a nebula
D.
a solar system
89. A tide is the periodic rise and fall of the surface of the ocean. Several factors combine to cause the tides.
Which has the greatest effect on the height of a tide?
A.
the revolution of Earth around the Sun
B.
the gravitational pull of the Moon
C.
the gravitational pull of the Sun
D.
the tilt of Earth on its axis
Astronomy
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