Download Section: 9.1 2) 2) The molec

BIOL1406Fall2016LectureExam#3Review
Dr.Duru
Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
1) Substrate-level phosphorylation occurs _____.
Section: 9.1
2) 2) The molecule that functions as the reducing agent (electron donor) in a redox or oxidation-reduction
reaction _____.
Section: 9.1
3) 3) When electrons move closer to a more electronegative atom, what happens? The more electronegative
atom is _____.
Section: 9.1
4) 5) When a glucose molecule loses a hydrogen atom as the result of an oxidation-reduction reaction, the
molecule becomes _____.
Section: 9.1
5) 6) A cell has enough available ATP to meet its needs for about 30 seconds. What is likely to happen
when an athlete exhausts his or her ATP supply?
Section: 9.1
6) 7) Starting with one molecule of glucose, the energy-containing products of glycolysis are _____.
Section: 9.2
7) 8) If you were to add one of the eight citric acid cycle intermediates to the culture medium of yeast
growing in the laboratory, what do you think would happen to the rates of ATP and carbon dioxide
production?
Section: 9.3
8) 9) Carbon dioxide (CO2) is released during which of the following stages of cellular respiration?
Section: 9.3
Understand the Citric Acid Cycle.
Understand how to utilize information provided in either a passage or in certain experimental conditions
to answer the subsequent questions. If a figure is involved in the question, more often than not, you will
be provided with a reference figure to assist you in answering the questions that follow.
9) 11) Which one of the following is formed by the removal of a carbon (as CO2) from a molecule of
pyruvate?
Section: 9.3
10) 12) The chemiosmotic hypothesis is an important concept in our understanding of cellular metabolism in
general because it explains _____.
Section: 9.4
11) 13) In chemiosmosis, what is the most direct source of energy that is used to convert ADP +
ATP?
Section: 9.4
i to
12) 14) When hydrogen ions are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix across the inner membrane and into
the intermembrane space, the result is the _____. Section: 9.4
13) 15) The synthesis of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation, using the energy released by movement of
protons across the membrane down their electrochemical gradient, is an example of _____.
Section: 9.4
1
BIOL1406Fall2016LectureExam#3Review
Dr.Duru
14) 16) If a cell is able to synthesize 30 ATP molecules for each molecule of glucose completely oxidized to
carbon dioxide and water, approximately how many ATP molecules can the cell synthesize for each
molecule of pyruvate oxidized to carbon dioxide and water?
Section: 9.4
Use the following information to answer the questions below.
Exposing inner mitochondrial membranes to ultrasonic vibrations will disrupt the membranes. However, the
fragments will reseal "inside out." The little vesicles that result can still transfer electrons from NADH to
oxygen and synthesize ATP.
15) 17) After the disruption, when electron transfer and ATP synthesis still occur, what must be present?
Section: 9.4
16) 19) Chemiosmotic ATP synthesis (oxidative phosphorylation) occurs in _____.
Section: 9.4
17) 20) Which of the following occurs in the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell?
Section: 9.5
18) 21) In the absence of oxygen, yeast cells can obtain energy by fermentation, resulting in the production
of _____.
Section: 9.5
19) 22) Why is glycolysis considered to be one of the first metabolic pathways to have evolved?
Section: 9.5
20) 23) Yeast cells that have defective mitochondria incapable of respiration will be able to grow by
catabolizing which of the following carbon sources for energy?
Section: 9.5
21) 24) What is the oxidizing agent in the reaction involving Pyruvate, NADH, H+ which yields Lactate and
NAD+?
Section: 9.6
22) 26) Even though plants cells photosynthesize, they still use their mitochondria for oxidation of pyruvate.
This will occur in _____
Section: 9.6
Chapter 10 Photosynthesis
23) 27) The process of photosynthesis probably originated _____.
Section: 10.1
24) 28) Early investigators thought the oxygen produced by photosynthetic plants came from carbon
dioxide. In fact, it comes from _____.
Section: 10.1
18
25) 29) If photosynthesizing green algae are provided with CO2 containing heavy oxygen ( O), later
18
analysis will show that all of the following molecules produced by the algae contain O EXCEPT
_____.
Section: 10.1
26) 30) When oxygen is released as a result of photosynthesis, it is a direct by-product of _____.
Section: 10.1
2
BIOL1406Fall2016LectureExam#3Review
Dr.Duru
Understand Theodor W. Engelmann’s experiment filamentous algae and how to use his results to answer
experimental questions.
27) 31) An outcome of Engelmann's experiment was to help determine the relationship between _____.
Section: 10.2
Use the following information to answer the questions below.
A spaceship is designed to support animal life for a multiyear voyage to the outer planets of the solar system.
Plants will be grown to provide oxygen and to recycle carbon dioxide. Since the spaceship will be too far from
the sun for photosynthesis, an artificial light source will be needed.
28) 32) What wavelengths of light should be used to maximize plant growth with a minimum of energy
expenditure?
Section: 10.2
29) 33) Suppose a plant has a unique photosynthetic pigment and the leaves of this plant appear to be
reddish yellow. What wavelengths of visible light are absorbed by this pigment?
Section: 10.2
30) 34) In autumn, the leaves of deciduous trees change colors. This is because chlorophyll is degraded and
_____.
Section: 10.2
31) 35) The final electron acceptor associated with photosystem I is _____.
Section: 10.2
32) 36) In the thylakoid membranes, the pigment molecules in a light-harvesting complex _____.
Section: 10.2
33) 37) What are the products of linear electron flow?
Section: 10.2
34) 38) In a plant cell, where are the ATP synthase complexes located?
Section: 10.2
35) 39) In photosynthetic cells, synthesis of ATP by the chemiosmotic mechanism occurs during _____.
Section: 10.2
36) 40) The accumulation of free oxygen in Earth's atmosphere began with the origin of _____.
Section: 10.2
37) 41) Which process is most directly driven by light energy?
Section: 10.2
38) 42) In the process of carbon fixation, RuBP attaches a CO2 to produce a six-carbon molecule, which is
then split to produce two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate. After phosphorylation and reduction
produces glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P), what more needs to happen to complete the Calvin cycle?
Section: 10.3
Use the accompanying figure (the Calvin Cycle) and the molecules labeled A, B, C, D, and E to answer the
following questions.
3
BIOL1406Fall2016LectureExam#3Review
Dr.Duru
39) 43) Refer to the figure. If the carbon atom of each of the incoming CO2 molecules is labeled with a
radioactive isotope of carbon, which organic molecules will be radioactively labeled after one cycle?
Section: 10.3
40) 44) Refer to the figure. To identify the molecule that accepts CO2, Calvin and Benson manipulated the
carbon-fixation cycle by either cutting off CO2 or cutting off light from cultures of photosynthetic algae.
They then measured the concentrations of various metabolites immediately following the manipulation.
How would these experiments help identify the CO2 acceptor?
Section: 10.3
41) 45) Which of the following sequences correctly represents the flow of electrons during photosynthesis?
Section: 10.3
42) 47) What compound provides the reducing power for Calvin cycle reactions?
Section: 10.3
43) 48) What would be the expected effect on plants if the atmospheric CO2 concentration was doubled?
Section: 10.4
44) 49) Why are C4 plants able to photosynthesize with no apparent photorespiration?
45) 50) Photorespiration _____.
Section: 10.4
Section: 10.4
Chapter 11 Cell Communication
46) 51) Which of the following is a type of local signaling in which a cell secretes a signal molecule that
affects neighboring cells?
Section: 11.1
47) 52) Binding of a signaling molecule to which type of receptor leads directly to a change in the
distribution of ions on opposite sides of the membrane?
Section: 11.2
48) 53) Which of the following is true of steroid receptors?
Section: 11.2
49) 54) Which of the following would be inhibited by a drug that specifically blocks the addition of
phosphate groups to proteins?
Section: 11.2
50) 55) Which of the following is characteristic of a steroid hormone action? Section: 11.2
51) 56) The toxin of Vibrio cholerae causes profuse diarrhea because it _____. Section: 11.3
52) 57) Adenylyl cyclase has the opposite effect of which of the following?
Section: 11.3
53) 58) An inhibitor of which of the following could be used to block the release of calcium from the
endoplasmic reticulum?
Section: 11.3
54) 59) Protein kinase is an enzyme that _____. Section: 11.3
4
BIOL1406Fall2016LectureExam#3Review
Dr.Duru
55) 60) Which of the following amino acids are most frequently phosphorylated by protein kinases in the
cytoplasm during signal transduction?
Section: 11.3
56) 61) If a pharmaceutical company wished to design a drug to maintain low blood sugar levels, one
approach might be to design a compound _____.
Section: 11.3
57) 62) Which of the following is true during a typical cAMP-type signal transduction event?
Section: 11.3
58) 63) Put the steps of the process of signal transduction in the order they occur:
59) 64) Transcription factors _____.
Section: 11.3
Section: 11.4
60) 65) Why has C. elegans proven to be a useful model for understanding apoptosis? Section: 11.5
61) 66) Which of the following describes the events of apoptosis?
Section: 11.5
62) 67) If an adult person has a faulty version of the human analog to ced-4 of the nematode, which of the
following is most likely to result?
Section: 11.5
63) 68) Why is apoptosis potentially threatening to the healthy "neighbors" of a dying cell?
Section: 11.5
64) 69) In research on aging (both cellular aging and organismal aging), it has been found that aged cells do
Section: 11.5
65) 70) Apoptosis involves all but which of the following?
Section: 11.5
Chapter 12 The Cell Cycle
66) 71) What is the final result of mitosis in a human?
Section: 12.1
67) 72) The microtubule-organizing center found in animal cells is an identifiable structure present during
all phases of the cell cycle. Specifically, it is known as the _____.
Section: 12.2
68) 73) Kinetochore microtubules assist in the process of splitting centromeres by _____. Section: 12.2
69) 74) Taxol is an anticancer drug extracted from the Pacific yew tree. In animal cells, Taxol disrupts
microtubule formation. Surprisingly, this stops mitosis. Specifically, Taxol must affect _____.
Section: 12.2
70) 75) A group of cells is assayed for DNA content immediately following mitosis and is found to have an
average of 8 picograms of DNA per nucleus. How many picograms would be found at the end of S and
the end of G2?
Section: 12.2
71) 76) Which of the following does NOT occur during mitosis?
Section: 12.2
72) 77) Neurons and some other specialized cells divide infrequently because they _____. Section: 12.3
5
BIOL1406Fall2016LectureExam#3Review
Dr.Duru
73) 78) Once a cell completes mitosis, molecular division triggers must be turned off. What happens to MPF
during mitosis?
Section: 12.3
74) 79) Which of the following is released by platelets in the vicinity of an injury?
Section: 12.3
75) 80) Which of the following is a protein synthesized at specific times during the cell cycle that associates
with a kinase to form a catalytically active complex?
Section: 12.3
76) 81) Density-dependent inhibition is explained by which of the following? Section: 12.3
77) 82) Besides the ability of some cancer cells to overproliferate, what else could logically result in a
tumor?
Section: 12.3
78) 83) Understand the phenomenon of Density-dependent inhibition in which crowded cells stop dividing
at some optimal
Section: 12.3
6