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Growth of Industry-Life in the North • New inventions: telegraph, RR’s, clipper ships, steam engines, building of factories. •Immigrants come to find work. (Mostly Germans and Irish) •No need for slavery with this type of economy. • Industrialization gives the North a huge advantage. A slave on the auction block. SLAVERY: FAMILY LIFE •Plantation owners dominate society •Slaves forbidden to be taught to read and write. Typical Work Day •Worked from sun up to sun down. •Few lived to an old age. Ways of Rebelling •Slaves rebel by doing work poorly. •Whipped for minor offenses. •Very difficult to run away. DRED SCOTT DECISION • A slave who sued for his freedom because he lived in free territory. •Court declares he is property, therefore, he doesn’t have the right to sue. DRED SCOTT •Author of: Uncle Tom’s Cabin •Changed the way people thought about slavery •Sold over 2 million copies. Harriet Beecher Stowe •Led a slave revolt at Harper’s Ferry, VA •He is captured and executed •Becomes a martyr for the abolitionists •Career politician from Kentucky •Responsible for the Compromise of 1850 – Missouri Compromise •Lost three pres. Elections: 1824, 1832, 1844 HENRY CLAY “I’d rather be right than be president.” •Coined phrase “Popular Sovereignty”: The voters in a territory would decide if slave or free. •Debated Lincoln in 1858 •Loses Pres. Election of 1860 to Lincoln STEPHEN DOUGLAS: “The Little Giant” ELECTION OF 1860 •Democrats split over slavery. Lincoln wins with only 40% of popular vote. •He is not on the ballot in 10 southern states. South vows to secede. FORMATION of the CONFEDERACY President Jefferson Davis •South Carolina secedes Dec. 1860 •10 more states join •Jefferson Davis is chosen as president. FORT SUMTER •Confederacy bombs this federal fort on 4-12-1861 •Sumter destroyed, no deaths •Significance: War begins ABRAHAM LINCOLN •16th President •Problems: cabinet thinks he’s an idiotfires 6 generals during CWson dies, wife is little help •Assassinated a week after the war •Perhaps our greatest President JEFFERSON •President of the Confederacy •Known for being cold and inhumane •Held captive for 2 years after the war DAVIS George McClellan •Union’s first commander •Fired by Lincoln, rehired, then fired again •“Lil Mac” “Young Napoleon” •Known for being a great organizer; unwilling to fight •Lost Election of 1864 Ulysses S. Grant •Commander of Union after Lincoln fires many. •Lee surrenders to him at Appomattox. •Becomes 18th President. ROBERT E. LEE •Lincoln asks him to lead the Union. He declines. •His brilliance gives Confederacy a chance. •Known for taking big chances. •Highly revered even today. Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson: •Perhaps the South’s greatest field general • Possessed strange combination of military genius and religious fanaticism • Killed by “friendly fire” at Chancellorsville WILLIAM TECUMSEH SHERMAN A “Sherman’s Necktie” •At Shiloh, Vicksburg, Atlanta •2nd in command at wars end •“Total War”: Make war on civilians Led “doomed” Pickett’s Charge at Gettysburg George Pickett CLARA BARTON “The Angel of the Battlefield” Founder of the American Red Cross Julia Ward Howe: Wrote the song, “Battle Hymn of the Republic” William Carney: First black American to receive the Congressional Medal of Honor – part of 54th Mass. Philip Bazaar: Hispanic who carried dispatches during attack on Ft. Fisher. Life of a Soldier Clothing, Living Conditions: Incredibly young, most likely to die of dysentery. Food: Not very good, Pay $12 a month Entertainment: Drinking and gambling were big problems. Medicine During the Civil War •Very primitive •Infection treated by amputation. Strengths and Weaknesses of North and South •The North had a greater population: 22 million to 9 million. •Greater industry: 90% of factories in the North. •Had a navy. •North was not familiar with the geography, would have to hold conquered territory •The South had better military leadership. •Defending their homes. UNION and CONFEDERATE Strategy to Win Union: #1 block southern ports #2 seize control of Mississippi River #3 capture Confederate Capitol of Richmond Confederacy: would fight a defensive war and hope the North gives up. Anaconda Plan 1st Bull Run July, 1861 •5000 casualties •Both sides inexperienced •South wins •Picnics, “Stonewall” •Union embarrassed, called “The Great Skedaddle” •War will last longer than anyone thought SHILOH April, 1862 •Union: Grant Confederacy: Johnston •Fought to gain control of Tenn. River. •Over 24,000 casualties. •Texan, Albert Sydney Johnston killed. •More casualties than all previous American wars combined Union victory Andersonville Prison •Confederate prison in Georgia •Built for 10,000; 32,000 held there •Horrible living conditions, almost 13,000 die Antietam, Md September 1862 Union: McClellan Confederacy: Lee • Turns out to be a draw. 23,000 casualties in one day • The bloodiest day in American history • Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation Gettysburg, Pa July 1 2 3 1863 Union: Meade Confederacy: Lee •Confederacy looking for shoes. •51,000 casualties. Pickett’s Charge. •Turning point of the war: Confederacy no longer on the offensive. •Lincoln gives a speech (Gettysburg Address) to honor the dead: “Four score and seven years ago…” Vicksburg July 1863 Union: Grant Confederacy: Pemberton •Vicksburg is an impenetrable fort on the Mississippi •Grant starves the town into surrendering •Confederacy split in two. Sherman’s March to the Sea Nov.-Dec. 1864 •Atlanta captured Sept. 1864 •Destructive march through Georgia 40 miles wide, 400 miles long Appomattox Court House/Surrender •Richmond falls April 2, 1865 •Lee surrenders: War is over. April 1865 Battle Summaries •Fort Sumter, SC (April, 1861) First battle •First Bull Run VA (July, 1861) First major battle. •Shiloh, TN (April, 1862) More casualties than all previous wars combined. •Antietam, MD (Sept, 1862) Bloodiest day in American history. Lincoln issues Emancipation Proclamation. •Gettysburg, PA (July, 1863) Turning point of the war. •Vicksburg, MS (July, 1863) Union gains control of Mississippi River. •Sherman’s March to the Sea, GA (Nov-Dec, 1864) Confederate resources are destroyed. •Appomattox, VA (April, 1865) Lee surrenders to Grant. Union wins. 2nd Bull Run/Manassas August 1862 • Union: Pope • Confederacy: Lee, Longstreet, Jackson • Union loses again – casualties are 5 times higher than 1st Bull – Pope fired, Mac rehired. John Pope Weapons of the Civil War •Technology of gun had far surpassed method of fighting.