Download Civil War

Growth of Industry-Life in the North
• New inventions: telegraph, RR’s, clipper
ships, steam engines, building of factories.
•Immigrants come to find work.
(Mostly Germans and Irish)
•No need for slavery with this type of economy.
• Industrialization gives the North a huge advantage.
A slave on the
auction block.
SLAVERY: FAMILY
LIFE
•Plantation owners dominate society
•Slaves forbidden to be taught to read and write.
Typical Work Day
•Worked from sun up to
sun down.
•Few lived to an old age.
Ways of Rebelling
•Slaves rebel by doing work poorly.
•Whipped for minor offenses.
•Very difficult to run away.
DRED
SCOTT DECISION
• A slave who sued for his freedom
because he lived in free territory.
•Court declares he is property,
therefore, he doesn’t have the
right to sue.
DRED SCOTT
•Author of: Uncle
Tom’s
Cabin
•Changed the way
people thought about
slavery
•Sold over 2 million copies.
Harriet Beecher Stowe
•Led a slave revolt at Harper’s Ferry, VA
•He is captured and executed
•Becomes a martyr for the abolitionists
•Career politician from Kentucky
•Responsible for the Compromise
of 1850 – Missouri Compromise
•Lost three pres. Elections: 1824,
1832, 1844
HENRY CLAY
“I’d rather be right than be president.”
•Coined phrase “Popular
Sovereignty”:
The voters in a territory
would decide if
slave or free.
•Debated Lincoln in 1858
•Loses Pres. Election of 1860
to Lincoln
STEPHEN DOUGLAS: “The Little Giant”
ELECTION OF 1860
•Democrats split over slavery. Lincoln wins with only 40% of popular vote.
•He is not on the ballot in 10 southern states. South vows to secede.
FORMATION of the CONFEDERACY
President Jefferson Davis
•South Carolina secedes Dec. 1860
•10 more states join
•Jefferson Davis is chosen as president.
FORT SUMTER
•Confederacy bombs this federal fort on 4-12-1861
•Sumter destroyed, no deaths
•Significance: War begins
ABRAHAM LINCOLN
•16th President
•Problems:
cabinet thinks he’s an idiotfires 6 generals during CWson dies, wife is little help
•Assassinated a week
after the war
•Perhaps our greatest
President
JEFFERSON
•President of the Confederacy
•Known for being cold
and inhumane
•Held captive for 2 years after
the war
DAVIS
George McClellan
•Union’s first commander
•Fired by Lincoln, rehired,
then fired again
•“Lil Mac” “Young Napoleon”
•Known for being a great
organizer; unwilling to fight
•Lost Election of 1864
Ulysses S. Grant
•Commander of Union after
Lincoln fires many.
•Lee surrenders to him at Appomattox.
•Becomes 18th President.
ROBERT E. LEE
•Lincoln asks him to lead
the Union. He declines.
•His brilliance gives
Confederacy a chance.
•Known for taking big
chances.
•Highly revered even today.
Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson:
•Perhaps the South’s greatest field general
• Possessed
strange
combination of
military genius
and religious
fanaticism
• Killed by “friendly fire” at Chancellorsville
WILLIAM TECUMSEH SHERMAN
A “Sherman’s Necktie”
•At Shiloh, Vicksburg, Atlanta
•2nd in command at wars end
•“Total War”: Make war on civilians
Led “doomed”
Pickett’s
Charge at
Gettysburg
George Pickett
CLARA BARTON
“The
Angel
of the
Battlefield”
Founder of the American Red Cross
Julia Ward Howe:
Wrote the song, “Battle Hymn of the Republic”
William Carney:
First black American to receive
the Congressional Medal of
Honor – part of 54th Mass.
Philip Bazaar: Hispanic who carried
dispatches during attack on Ft. Fisher.
Life of a Soldier
Clothing, Living Conditions:
Incredibly young, most likely
to die of dysentery.
Food: Not very good,
Pay $12 a month
Entertainment:
Drinking and gambling
were big problems.
Medicine During the Civil War
•Very primitive
•Infection treated by
amputation.
Strengths and Weaknesses of North and South
•The North had a greater population:
22 million to 9 million.
•Greater industry: 90% of factories
in the North.
•Had a navy.
•North was not familiar with the geography,
would have to hold conquered territory
•The South had better military leadership.
•Defending their homes.
UNION and CONFEDERATE Strategy to Win
Union: #1 block southern
ports
#2 seize control of
Mississippi River
#3 capture Confederate
Capitol of Richmond
Confederacy: would fight
a defensive war and hope
the North gives up.
Anaconda Plan
1st Bull Run July, 1861
•5000 casualties
•Both sides inexperienced
•South wins
•Picnics, “Stonewall”
•Union embarrassed, called “The Great Skedaddle”
•War will last longer than anyone thought
SHILOH April, 1862
•Union: Grant
Confederacy: Johnston
•Fought to gain control of Tenn. River.
•Over 24,000 casualties.
•Texan, Albert Sydney Johnston killed.
•More casualties than all previous American
wars combined
Union victory
Andersonville Prison
•Confederate prison in Georgia
•Built for 10,000; 32,000 held there
•Horrible living conditions, almost 13,000 die
Antietam, Md
September 1862
Union: McClellan
Confederacy: Lee
• Turns out to be a draw. 23,000 casualties in one day
• The bloodiest day in American history
• Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation
Gettysburg, Pa July 1 2 3 1863
Union: Meade
Confederacy: Lee
•Confederacy looking for shoes.
•51,000 casualties. Pickett’s Charge.
•Turning point of the war: Confederacy
no longer on the offensive.
•Lincoln gives a speech (Gettysburg
Address) to honor the dead: “Four
score and seven years ago…”
Vicksburg July 1863
Union: Grant
Confederacy: Pemberton
•Vicksburg is an impenetrable fort on the Mississippi
•Grant starves the town into surrendering
•Confederacy split in two.
Sherman’s March to the Sea Nov.-Dec. 1864
•Atlanta captured Sept. 1864
•Destructive march through Georgia
40 miles wide, 400 miles long
Appomattox Court House/Surrender
•Richmond falls April 2, 1865
•Lee surrenders: War is over.
April 1865
Battle Summaries
•Fort Sumter, SC (April, 1861) First battle
•First Bull Run VA (July, 1861) First major battle.
•Shiloh, TN (April, 1862) More casualties than all
previous wars combined.
•Antietam, MD (Sept, 1862) Bloodiest day in
American history.
Lincoln issues Emancipation Proclamation.
•Gettysburg, PA (July, 1863) Turning point of the war.
•Vicksburg, MS (July, 1863) Union gains control
of Mississippi River.
•Sherman’s March to the Sea, GA (Nov-Dec, 1864)
Confederate resources are destroyed.
•Appomattox, VA (April, 1865) Lee surrenders to Grant.
Union wins.
2nd Bull Run/Manassas August 1862
• Union: Pope
• Confederacy: Lee,
Longstreet, Jackson
• Union loses again –
casualties are 5 times
higher than 1st Bull –
Pope fired, Mac
rehired.
John Pope
Weapons of the Civil War
•Technology of gun had far surpassed
method of fighting.