Download The Super Noun

The Super Noun
1. A NOUN is a word that names a…
a. p___________b. p___________c. t___________d. i___________/quality2. In a sentence, a noun functions or acts like a…
a. s_________________ or
b. an o___________________
3. Nouns as a Subject
a. A s_________________ is who or what the sentence is about
b. A noun is usually found in the first half of a sentence.
4. Nouns as an Object
a. Nouns as objects take different forms…
b. Object of a PrepositionPreposition- is a noun found at the end of a
p________________________ phrase.
•
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
c. Direct Object is found after an action verb, and it receives the action of the
v___________________
•
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
d. Indirect Object is in a sentence with an action v ______________ and a direct
o_______________, and it answers the question, “to whom?”
•
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
5. Examples include:
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
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Plural and Possessive Nouns
1. Nouns can be s________________ or nouns can be p__________________
a. Singular means there is o________ of the noun.
b. Plural means there is m_________ t___________ one of the noun.
2. Plural Nouns
a. add -_________ or -__________ to the word, depending on the ending of the
word.
b. No apostrophe is used when making a word plural!!!
c. _________________________________________________________________________
3. Irregular Plural NounsNouns- some nouns have irregular spellings when made plural.
Examples include:
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
4. Possessive Nouns
a. Possessive nouns show o_______________________ or belonging.
b. To make a singular noun show possession, one must add an
Singula
r Nouns
a__________________ and a _________ to a singular noun or an irregular
plural noun.
c. Examples include:
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
d. To show possession with a plural noun,
noun one needs to add only an
Plural
Nouns
a________________________ to the end of the word.
e. Examples include:
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
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Action Verbs
1. An action verb is what the subject is d_______________________.
a. Physical Action-_________________________________________________________
b. Mental Action-___________________________________________________________
2. Transitive (Action) Verb
a. A verb that has a direct object is known as a transitive verb, which means
the verb shows action and has a noun or pronoun following it.
b. This happens when a direct o_________________ follows a verb. A direct
object is a n ______________ or pronoun that r__________________ the
a___________ of the verb.
c. Examples include:
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________.
Verb Agreement
1. Verb agreement is when the verb and the subject of
the sentence are the same n______________________
a. both are s______________________ or
b. both are p_______________________.
2. Examples include:
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________.
Verb Tense
1. Verb tenses tell w__________ the action (verb) takes place. They include
p____________, p _________________, and f _______________.
2. In academic writing, the tense of the verb should stay the same for the entire
piece.
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State of Being Verbs
1. State of Being Verb
a. A state-of-being verb is what the subject is ___________, but this type of
verb is inactive.
inactive It simply shows existence.
b. The state of being verbs are the different forms of “t___ b___”
c. The verbs include:
W_____ W_____ A_____A_____B_____B_____B_____I_____
2. The state of being verbs are used as either _________________ or
__________________ verbs.
But, Mom! I am doing
something! I’m existing!
Linking Verbs
1. A Linking Verb is used to link the s____________ of the sentence to a
n__________ or an adjective.
adjective
2. It is the only verb in the sentence.
3. These are intransitive verbs because they do NOT take a direct object
because they have no action.
action They are verbs of being or existing.
4. Examples include:
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
3. The nouns or adjectives to which the subject is linked are known as the
p______________ adjectives and p_________________________ nouns. These are
also called subject complements.
complements
4. Examples include:
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Helping Verbs
1. Helping verbs h________ a main verb do its job
2. Helping verbs are placed b___________ other verbs to form v_________
p_____________
3. Helping verbs change the m_________________ or the tense of the main verb of
the sentence (Example- Could have built,
built would build,
build may build)
build
May
Be
Do
Should
Have
Will
Infinitive verbs
1. An infinitive is the word _________ + a _____________.
2. The two words together function as a ______________.
3. Examples include
Irregular Verbs
DefinitionDefinition___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Verb
To become
To keep
To tell
To forbid
To forget
To strive
To hurt
To wed
To know
To throw
Present
become
keep
tell
forbid
forget
strive
hurt
wed
know
throw
Past
became
kept
told
forbade
forgot
strove
hurt
wed
knew
threw
Past Participle
become
kept
told
forbidden
forgotten
striven
hurt
wed
known
thrown
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Troublesome Verbs
Do not confuse these pairs of verbs. Use the chart at the bottom of the page to help
you!
1. lie/lay
a. Lie means “to rest or recline.” It does not take an object.
b. Lay means “to put or place something.” It does take an object
2. set/sit
a. Sit means “to be in a seat” or “to rest.” It does not take an object.
b. Set means “to put or place something.” It does take an object.
3. rise/raise
a. Rise means “to move upward” or “to get up.” It does not take an object.
b. Raise means “to lift (something) up.” It usually takes an object.
4. may/can
a. Use may when you are asking permission or if something is possible.
b. Can means “able to do something.” Can and may do not have principal
parts. They are used only as helping verbs.
c. May we help you? We can carry your packages.
Verb Pairs
Lie and Lay
Present
lie Rover lies at
my feet.
lay Ted lays a
cup here.
Past
lay Rover lay
here earlier.
laid He laid a cup
on the counter.
Sit and Set
sit The cat sits
there.
set She sets the
box down.
rise We rise at 8
A.M.
raise Lee raises
her hand.
sat The cat sat
there.
set She set it
down before.
rose We rose
early.
raised Lee
raised it.
Rise and Raise
Past Participle
lain Rover has
lain there.
laid He has laid
two cups on the
counter.
sat The cat has
sat there.
set She has set it
down.
risen You have
risen early.
raised Lee has
raised it.
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Pronouns
1. A pronoun is a word that r___________ a n ___________________.
a. Bocifus chewed on Bocifus’ toy on Bocifus’ dog bed.
b. ______________________________________________________________________
2. Pronouns can be either s____________________ or p______________________.
a. The class listened as the firefighters explained how they put out fires.
b. Brittany and Kennedy bought their matching t-shirts at A&E.
c. ______________________________________________________________________
3. An antecedent is the n_____________ that the p___________ replaces
a. A pronoun must agree in person, number, and gender with its
antecedent
b. ______________________________________________________________________
Types OF PERSONAL PRONOUNS
1. Subjective Pronouns usually refer to people but may also refer to places,
things, or ideas. They can be s___________________or plural.
plural When these
pronouns are used as the s_______________ of a sentence, they are called the
Subjective Case or the Nominative Case Pronouns.
Subjective or Nominative Case Pronouns
Singular
Plural
First person
Second person
Third person
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2.
Objective Pronouns are personal pronouns used as objects.
For
example, they can be d____________ objects, objects of the
p_______________________, OR i_______________ objects.
Objective Case Pronouns
Singular
Plural
.
First person
Second person
Third person
3.
Possessive Pronouns Like nouns, pronouns can also show belonging or
______________________. These are the _______________________ case pronouns. The
possessive pronouns are broken into two different categories.
Possessive Pronouns (Stand Alone)
Singular
Plural
First person
Second person
Third person
Possessive Pronouns (Precede Noun)
Singular
Plural
First person
Second person
Third person
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4.
Reflexive PRONOUNS
a. RPs are pronouns that end in s_________ or s_____________
b. They emphasize a n________ or a p_____________ in the same sentence (often
a person or the people to which they refer)
c. Examples:
i. You fix the sink yourself!
ii. You outdid yourself when you wrote that song.
iii. Cathy always timed herself when jogging.
iv. In dancing class, we watch ourselves in the mirror.
Reflexive and Intensive Pronouns
Singular
Plural
First person
Second person
Third person
5.
Intensive pronouns
a. Intensive pronouns are pronouns that end in -s_______ or -s_____________
b. They add emphasis to or intensify another n_______ or p___________ in the
same sentence.
c. Examples:
i. I myself ate the pizza.
ii. The team itself chose the captain.
iii. Maria herself opened the door.
iv. George and Pedro planned the party themselves.
d. Note- An intensive pronoun does NOT add any new information to a
sentence. In fact, if the intensive pronoun is left out, the sentence still has
the same meaning.
6.
Demonstrative Pronouns
a. They help us demonstrate or p______________out which things or people
we’re talking about.
b. Demonstrative pronouns answer the question Singular
“W_____________?”
c. Examples:
i. These are your classmates.
Plural
ii. That will be your seat.
iii. Molly’s desk is cleaner than those.
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7.
Interrogative Pronouns
a. Interrogative pronouns are used in q___________________.
b. You can use interrogative pronouns in direct questions (the ones with
question marks) OR in indirect questions (I wonder what Dana is thinking
about.)
c. W________, W________, W________, W________, W________
d. Example sentences for each interrogative pronoun:
1.________________________________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________________________________
3. ________________________________________________________________________________
4. ________________________________________________________________________________
5. ________________________________________________________________________________
8.
Relative Pronouns
a. Relative pronouns begin dependent clauses.
b. Dependent clauses are also known as s ___________________ clauses.
c. They include w______, t______, w______, w______, and w______
d. Examples:
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
9.
Indefinite Pronouns
a. Indefinite pronouns refer to nouns that are non-s________________.
b. Like demonstrative pronouns, indefinite pronouns answer the question
W___________?
c. Most indefinite pronouns tell about the n____________of people or things.
d. Indefinites that can be either singular or plural rely on the antecedent to
determine the singular or plural verb.
Singular
Another
Much
Anybody
Other
Anyone
Neither
Anything
Nobody
Each
No one
Either
Nothing
Everybody One
Everyone Somebody
Everything Someone
Little
Something
Indefinite Pronouns
Plural
Both
Few
Many
Others
Several
Singular or Plural
All
Any
More
Most
None
Some
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Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases
1.
Preposition Words
2. Prepositional Phrase
a. A group of words that begin with a p____________________ and ends with a
n__________ or a p_________________________
b. In a sentence, a prepositional phrase is used as an a_____________________
or an a___________
c. Writers used these phrases to change the s__________________ structure
d. They are called v__________________ sentence b_____________________ or
VSBs
e. Examples:
i. A story in the newspaper described her life (adjective).
ii. The story begins in Canada (adverb).
iii. In the beginning, we meet the main characters.
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Adjectives
1. Adjectives d________________ a n________ or a p_____________________. Adjectives
add d_________ and s__________ to a piece of writing.
2. Adjectives answer one of four questions:
a. What k_______________ - Hungry, little pigs roasted meaty wolf ribs
b. Which o_____________ -This meal would be tasty!
c. How m_____________ -Three little pigs knew what to do with one, bad wolf
d. H____________ much-Some wolves ran away.
3. Articles are also adjectives because they tell us about a noun or pronoun
a. The articles are ________, _________, and __________.
b. Use an if the noun or pronoun begins with a v______________ sound
c. Examples- The main ingredient is a secret!
4. Some nouns and pronouns can also be used as adjectives.
a. Examples:
i. Few pigs can resist this treat.
ii. Put wolf ribs on your dinner menu tonight!
5. Prepositional phrases may function as adjectives. They are known as
adjective phrases. (See prepositional phrases notes for examples!)
6. Proper adjectives are specific adjectives
a. They are like p____________ n____________.
b. They are capitalized!
c. Examples:
i. I want to visit the Arizona desert.
ii. He enjoys visiting the city for its Bostonian architecture.
7. The words that are used as demonstrative pronouns, which are
___________, ___________, ____________, and ____________, are many times used as
adjectives.
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Adverbs
1. Adverbs describe or modify v_______________, a____________________, or other
a______________________
2. Adverbs answer one of the following questions in a sentence
a. H___________?- Meg walked slowly.
b. W___________?- He will arrive soon.
c. W___________?-Tim stood there.
d. To what e______________?- She completely believed Todd’s excuse.
e. How o______________?-She works out daily.
3. When an adverb modifies an adjective or another adverb, it usually comes directly
before the word it modifies.
a. Grammar is an extremely important subject (adv. Modifying adj.)
b. You must speak very clearly into the microphone. (Adv. Modifying adv.), it
4. Prepositional phrases may function as adverbs. (See prepositional phrase notes)
5. Adverbs can also be used as VSBs or __________________ ______________________
______________________________.
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Conjunctions
1.
Coordinating conjunctions
a. Coordinating Conjunctions:
i. F_______ A_______N_______B_______O_______Y_______S_______
b. Coordinating conjunctions are used to j________________ different parts of
speech within a s___________________
i. Tom and Jerry are cartoon characters.
ii. Apples or Bananas is a great novel!
c. Also, they are used to c ________________two or more c____________________
together to form a c______________________ sentence. To punctuate
correctly, use a c___________ before the coordinating conjunction or a
s_______-colon to join the clauses.
i. Kevin wants to be class president, but he doesn’t have any
experience.
ii. ___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
iii. ___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2. Correlative Conjunctions
a. Like coordinating conjunctions, correlative conjunctions connect equal
words, g__________ of words, or s___________________.
b. However, these conjunctions work in p___________.
c. Correlative Conjunctions:
both…and
either…or
neither….nor
not only…but also
whether…or
d. Examples:
i. Neither Chris nor Kate wanted to sit next to the wet dog.
ii. While Jan watches, Herb eats both slowly and neatly.
iii. I don’t know whether the keys are one the counter or in the drawer.
iv. Either pay for the magazine or quit reading it in our store!
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Types of Sentences
1.
Declarative Sentence
a. Is a sentence that makes a s______________________.
b.
It ends with a p_____________.
c. Examples:
i. I’m looking for Roosevelt Avenue.
ii. _________________________________________________________.
2.
Imperative sentence
a. Is a sentence that gives a c___________________
b. It ends with a p_______________ or a an e___________________ point
c. Examples:
i. Go three blocks ahead and turn right.
ii. ________________________________________________________.
3.
Interrogative Sentence
a. Is a sentence that asks a q__________________________.
b. It ends with a question mark.
c. Examples:
i. Are you sure that is how you get to Roosevelt?
ii. ________________________________________________________.
4.
Exclamatory Sentence
a. Is a sentence that shows strong f___________________.
b. It ends with an exclamation mark.
c. Examples:
i. Of course I’m sure!
ii. ________________________________________________________.
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Parts of a Sentence: Subject/Predicate
1. A complete, simple sentence has a ___________, a ____________, and expresses
a complete __________________.
2. The subject of a sentence is the word or group of words that answers the
questions ___________ or _______________ before the verb in a sentence.
a. It’s usually a noun or a pronoun
b. The subject also performs the verb.
c. Examples:
i. Jenson trudged into the classroom Monday morning.
ii. _________________________________________________________________.
3. The simple subject of a sentence is the most important subject word(s)
i. The apples in the orchard are going bad!
4. The complete subject of a sentence is the most important word(s) and ALL of
the other words that go with it
i. The apples in the orchard are going bad!
5. The compound subject of a sentence uses “and” or “or” to join two or more
simple subjects together.
i. The apples and the oranges in the orchard are going bad!
6. The verb or predicate in a sentence tells what the subject _________, what is
_________ to the subject, or what the condition or state of being the subject is in.
a. Examples:
i. Jenson trudged into the classroom Monday Morning.
ii. _________________________________________________________________.
7. The simple predicate is the m________ verb or verb phrase that tells us what
the subject does.
a. The snow will fall throughout the night.
8. The complete predicate of a sentence includes the main verb or verb
p___________ and all of the words that go with it.
a. The snow will fall throughout the night.
9. The compound verb(s) or predicate is when there are two or more simple
predicates in the sentence.
a. The runner jogs, runs, and sprints during the marathon.
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1. Simple: subject and a verb
a. The cat jumped up.
2. Compound: two simple sentences linked with a comma and a conjunction or with a
semi-colon (;)
a. The cat watched the bird, and the feline made a noise.
b. The bird heard the noise; it warily watched the cat.
3. Complex: a sentence with a dependent clause attached either at the beginning or
the end
a. When the bird flew away, the cat leaped at the window.
4. Compoundompound-complex: a compound sentence in which at least one of the sentences
is complex
a. Although the cat tried to catch the bird, the glass stopped it from getting
closer, and the cat lost its interest.
5. Gerund phrase: a sentence that starts with a gerund, an –ing verb
a. Allowing the cat to slay the bird would have been cruel.
6. Appositive phrase:
phrase an explanatory phrase, set off by commas, is used to add detail
to the sentence
a. Cats, or felis domesticus, do enjoy hunting.
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