Download Animal Behavior Discussion Sheet

AP Biology Discussion Sheet – Animal Behavior – 2013
1. What do we mean by behavior and why should this topic be included in Biology?
2. What is the difference between ultimate causes for behavior v an immediate/proximate cause for a
behavior? (Note the crossover into evolution and genetics)
3. What system of the body can be used as an example of how genes influence behavior? Be able
to explain the example of coastal garter v inland garter snakes and food preference, pairbonding and the role of oxytocin and foraging behavior in fruit flies.
4. What is meant by ‘knockouts’ as a type of mutation? What effect may this type of mutation
have on behavior? Provide an example.
5. There are two general categories of behavior: innate and learned. Describe the differences
here:
6. Fixed action patterns (FAPs) are triggered by sign stimuli. Explain how this is a type of innate
behavior.
7. Directed movements are a type of innate behavior. Describe both types here and provide an
example.
8. Migration is a complex, innate behavior that is controlled by genes. This is evident when one
observes ‘migratory restlessness’ in birds that have been bred and raised in captivity. What is
migratory restlessness (you will have to look this up) and how do birds know where to go, when
migrating?
9. Why is imprinting so significant in terms of survival of a species?
10. Consider learned behavior. What is the difference between associative learning and
observational learning?
11. Operant conditioning and classical conditioning are types of associative learning. How are they
different?
12. Explain how habituation can lead to the demise of an individual. Provide an example that is
NOT in the PowerPoint.
What do you think? Do animals, THINK and PLAN?
13. Since many animals live in groups, social behaviors evolved. These behaviors are thought to be
evolutionary adaptations that are reinforced by contests for resources. The term ‘display’ is
often used in discussions involving social behaviors. What are displays and how might they
benefit an animal? Can you give an example.
14. Living in groups is highly beneficial. These animals cooperate in terms of predator detection, to
the point of developing ‘selfish herds.’ Describe the benefits for living within a group. Now,
describe an example in humans.
15. In addition to benefits, there can be dire consequences to group living. Provide some examples
from the PowerPoint. Now, provide an example in humans.
16. Mole-rats and honey bees are eusocial animals. Who benefits from this arrangement the most?
17. Despite its rarity, altruistic behavior is seen in nature. Who does this type of behavior benefit?
Be sure to read the article entitled, Kin Selection. What is the coefficient of relatedness (r)?
18. Describe how mating and parental behavior can be influenced by both genetics and
environmental influences.
Communication and Social Interactions…
19. In addition to sexual reproduction, pheromones may be released in an effort to alarm others in
the group. Provide an example. (You may need to research this).
20. Other forms of communication include recognition, auditory and even ‘dance.’ Provide an
example of each.