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Notes: Cell Specialization ALL organisms are made up of specialized cells. • Each type of cell has a specific job/function • Examples • red blood cells carry oxygen • nerve cell sends messages throughout the body red blood cell nerve cell Stop and think… If we came from the combination of a single sperm cell and a single egg cell, how did we get hundreds of different cells with specific jobs?! Zygotes (fertilized egg) first divide into embryonic stem cells. Stem cells can become any of 200 types of cells in the human body. • Stem cells develop in two stages. 1. Determination: commit to become one type of cell 2. Differentiation: acquiring specialized structures and functions Specialized cells function together in tissues, organs, organ systems, and the whole organism. • Specialized CELLS perform specific tasks. • TISSUES are groups of similar cells working together • Types: o epithelial tissue o connective tissue o muscle tissue smooth (stomach) skeletal (bicep) cardiac (heart) o nervous tissue cell tissue ORGANS are different tissues working together. ORGAN SYSTEMS are two or more organs working together. An ORGANISM is all organ systems working together. ORGANS ORGAN SYSTEM ORGANISM TISSUE ORGANS ORGAN SYSTEM CELL ORGANISM • There are 11 major organ systems in the human body. Stop and think… If all our cells started off from one cell, why do they look and act differently? What determines our “differences”? Or tells our cells what to do?