Download Endocrine_ Blood and Heart Test Review

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Date
Exam 1 Review – Endocrine, Blood and Heart
Terms (Endocrine)
Steroid-based hormone
Amino acid-based hormone
Exocrine Gland
Endocrine Gland
Paracrine Gland
Autocrine gland
Receptors
Receptor-hormone complex
Hormone half-life
Catecholamines
Mineralocorticoids
Gonadocorticoids
Gluconeogenesis
Diabetes mellitus
Gonads
Terms (Blood)
Plasma
Hemoglobin
Opsonization
Hematopoiesis
Antibody
Antigen
Fibrin
Clotting factor
Prothrombin
Thrombin
What are the jobs of the following cells? What about their biology makes them well suited for what they
do?
Erythrocyte
Leukocyte
Eosinophil
Lymphocyte
Neutrophil
Basophil
Monocyte
Platelets
Terms (Heart)
Pericardium
Fibrous
Serous
Parietal
Visceral
Endocardium
Myocardium
Right Atrium
Left Atrium
Right Ventricle
Left Ventricle
Semilunar valves
Aortic
Pulmonary
Atrioventricular Valves
Tricuspid Valve
Bicuspid (Mitral) Valve
Chordae tendineae
Papillary muscles
Interventricular Septum
Vein
Artery
Cardiac Output
End systolic Volume
End diastolic volume
Stroke Volume
Preload
Contractility
Afterload
Tachycardia
Bradycardia
Autorhythmic Cells
Concepts
1. Name at least four changes that hormones can cause in target cells.
2. Why is adenylate cyclase called the “second messenger” in amino acid-based hormone reception?
3. What are the three stimuli that can cause hormone synthesis/release/retention?
4. What are the only two hormones released from the posterior pituitary gland? Where are they made
5. Why are there two plexi in the anterior pituitary gland?
6. Why does the thyroid gland have follicles?
7. What are the three primary functions of blood and how are they accomplished?
8. What adaptations allow erythrocytes to deliver as much oxygen as possible to body tissues?
9. What is the ultimate cause of sickle-cell anemia? Compare and contrast this to classic anemia.
10. How can a differential white blood cell count help in the diagnosis of infection?
11. Where are blood cells made?
12. Why is it dangerous to give a transfusion to someone without knowing their blood type?
13. Why is Rh factor important to consider in family planning?
14. What are the major steps leading to the formation (and eventual degradation) of a blood clot?
15. Describe the pathway of blood through the heart starting in the right atrium.
16. What is the purpose of the interventricular septum? What happens if this is compromised?
17. Describe the events leading to a myocardial infarction (heart attack). What is the end result of an
MI?
18. How is heart rate controlled? What are the major influences?
19. What physical factors can affect cardiac output? Describe at least one way that these factors can be
affected over time and lead to decreased cardiac output.
20. How does blood only flow in one direction through the heart? How could this unidirectional flow
be disrupted?
21. How can cardiac tamponade affect cardiac output?
22. What is fibrillation? How is it corrected?
23. If someone has a heart attack and part of the myocardium of the left ventricle dies, how will
cardiac output be affected?
24. If someone’s stroke volume were to decrease from 70ml per ventricle to 50 ml per ventricle,
how would the person’s heart rate have to change to compensate? (assume their heart rate
before the decrease in SV was 70 bpm)
25. How can preload, contractility and afterload effect the dynamics of blood flow?