Download Earth Science - Ms. Harper`s Science Class

Intro to Earth Science
4 Areas of Science
• Science – the process of observing and
studying things in our world.
4 Areas of Science
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There are four main areas of science:
Chemistry – study of matter
Physics – study of energy and motion
Biology – study of life
Earth Science – study of the Earth’s properties
and processes
4 Areas of Earth Science
• Within Earth Science, there are four major
divisions:
• Meteorology – study of the
Earth’s atmosphere
• Astronomy – study of objects
beyond Earth’s atmosphere
4 Areas of Earth Science
• Geology -- study of the Earth’s crust and the
processes that change it
• Oceanography -- study of earth’s oceans
Divisions of Science & Earth Science
SCIENCE
Observing and studying
the world
physics
motion and energy
meteorology
atmosphere
biology
Earth science
organisms (living things)
our planet
geology
oceanography
crust (rocks and land)
oceans
chemistry
Atoms, matter…
astronomy
outer space
Earth’s 4 Systems
• Earth is divided into four systems – atmosphere,
hydrosphere, geosphere, and biosphere
• Each system is unique, but all of them work
together to create our global system
Earth’s 4 Systems
• Atmosphere –gases that surround Earth
• Our atmosphere consists of 78% nitrogen,
21% oxygen, and 1% other gases
• Do not confuse with
meteorology, which is the
STUDY of the atmosphere!
Earth’s 4 Systems
• Hydrosphere – all the water on Earth (oceans,
seas, lakes, rivers, glaciers, etc.)
• 97% of the water on Earth is salt water, and
only 3% is fresh water
Earth’s 4 Systems
• Biosphere – all of Earth’s living things (organisms)
and their environments
Earth’s 4 Systems
• Geosphere – Earth’s land, divided into the
layers of the Earth
• Crust – continental crust (found on continents)
and oceanic crust
(found at the bottom
of oceans)
Earth’s 4 Systems
• Mantle – consists of solid rock directly under
the crust and molten (liquid) rock deeper
below the crust
mantle
Earth’s 4 Systems
• Lithosphere – Earth’s rigid outer shell that
includes the crust and the solid uppermost
part of the mantle
• Asthenosphere – partially-molten layer of the
mantle directly under
the lithosphere
Earth’s 4 Systems
• Core – innermost layer of the Earth, divided
into a solid inner core and a liquid outer core
Outer core:
liquid
inner core:
solid
Summary of Earth’s Layers
Earth Layer
Sub Layer
Solid or Liquid?
Location
Crust
Lithosphere
Solid
Earth’s surface
Mantle
Lithosphere
Solid
Asthenosphere
Liquid
Below the
crust
Below the
solid mantle
Outer core
Liquid
Outside the
inner core
Inner core
Solid
Earth’s center
Core
Label the layers and the phase of matter
found at each layer
___Layers___
Asthenosphere
Crust
Inner Core
Lithosphere
Mantle
Outer Core
___Phases___
Solid
Liquid/molten
Inner Core (solid)
Outer Core (molten)
Mantle (inner is molten,
outer is solid)
Crust (solid)
Asthenosphere (molten)
Lithosphere (solid)
Activity: Earth’s Spheres
• Work together with
your tablemate.
• Feel free to ask ME
questions, but not
other tables!
• Turn in to the metal
basket on the front
table at end of class.