Download If the statement is “True” then circle True

Name: ______________________________
Exam 2 = 200 pts
October 17, 2005
If the statement is “True” then circle True. If the statement is “False”, then circle
False.
1. True / False: Motor nerves regulate muscle contraction.
2. True / False: Somatic motor neurons have their cell bodies contained within the
central nervous system.
3. True / False: Nerve cells depolarize due to the influx of potassium.
4. True / False: Cells become more positive during hyperpolarization.
5. True / False: Myelinated axons transmit action potentials more rapidly than unmyelinated
axons.
6. True / False: A lack of extracellular Ca2+ would cause increased release of neurotransmitter.
7. True / False: Norepinephrine binding to a receptor stimulates the activity of adenylate
cyclase.
8. True / False: Animals that cannot synthesize neuropeptide Y would tend to be obese.
9. True / False: Capillaries in brain do not have pores between adjacent endothelial cells.
9. True / False: Damage to the frontal lobe of the cerebrum would impair somatosensory
interpretation.
10. True / False: Visual inputs are interpreted at the level of the occipital lobe of the cerebral
cortex.
11. True / False: Impaired voluntary movements would suggest damage to the basal ganglia.
12. True / False: Damaging the right motor cortex would limit voluntary movements on the
body’s right side.
13. True / False: Melatonin is stored and released in the anterior pituitary.
14. True / False: The spinal cord receives efferent sensory fibers and sends out afferent motor
fibers.
15. True / False: Organs innervated by autonomic motor neurons are often under voluntary
control.
16. True / False: Norepinephrine binds to α1-adrenergic receptors and causes relaxation of the
bronchioles of the lung.
17. True / False: Sympathetic stimulation of an organ often opposes the effects of
parasympathetic stimulation.
18. True / False: Gastrointestinal function is increased in response to sympathetic stimulation.
19. True / False: Pre- and postganglionic parasympathetic nerves release acetylcholine.
20. True / False: An epinephrine antagonist would stimulate decreased heart rate.
21. True / False: The heart is dually innervated by both the sympathetic and parasympathetic
nervous system.
22. True / False: Most lipid-soluble hormones are derived from vitamin D.
23. True / False: Responsiveness of cells to hormones is determined by the presence or absence
of specific hormone receptor proteins.
24. True / False: A chronically high hormone concentration often leads to increased receptor
number.
25. True / False: Protein hormones bind to receptors located within the plasma membrane.
26. True / False: Inhibition of G-proteins would cause an increase in hormone-induced
intracellular Ca2+ concentrations.
27. True / False: Calcitonin and PTH are antagonistic hormones.
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Fill in the blank with only the word choices found listed in the word bank below.
These are sort of in ABC order.
acetylcholine
amygdala
arachadonic acid
astrocyte
Barr Body
Ca2+
cranial
cytochrome
dimerization
dorsal
dyspnea
Ependymal
Epinephrine
Erythropoietin
FSH
hippocampus
hyaline
Insula
insulin
Interleukin-2
inulin
IP3 (inositol
triphospahte)
iodine
glucose
glycoprotein
glucagon
glucocorticoid
gonadotropin
releasing hormone
lactose
leptin
leukocyte
LH
lumbar
mast cell
microglia
melatonin
motor
muscarinic
myelin sheath
myosin
semen
sinusoid
sodium
somatomedin
nicotinic
Neuropeptide
norepinephrine
nociceptor
nodes of Ranvier
oligodendrcyte
SPS
synapse
tachycardia
thoracic
Thymopoietin
Thyroxin (T4)
oxytocin
parasympathetic
pepsin
phagocytosis
potassium
protein
sensory
Sertoli cells
stage of exhaustion
steroid
sympathetic
ventral
Vitamin D
zona glomerulosa
zona fasciculate
zona reticularis
28. Information is conducted to the central nervous system by
neurons.
29. The central nervous system would become susceptible to infection if the supporting cells
known as
were destroyed.
30. Minimal cerebrospinal fluid suggests that the
optimally.
31. The
cells are not functioning
are unmyelinated regions of myelinated axons.
32. The membrane of resting nerve cells is more permeable to
ions.
ions than
33. Acetylcholine usually induces an excitatory postsynaptic potential when binding to
receptors and an inhibitory postsynaptic potential when binding to
receptors.
34. Destruction of the
root of a spinal nerve would affect the ability to contract
muscles innervated by that spinal nerve.
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35. Contained within the cerebral cortex, the _____________ coordinates the cardiovascular
response to stress.
36. Unlike somatic motor nerves, autonomic motor nerves leaving the spinal cord
before reaching the target organ.
37. Preganglionic sympathetic neurons originate in the
levels of the spinal cord.
and
38. Damage to the midbrain would probably have a greater effect on the
division of the autonomic nervous system.
39.
is released by preganglionic sympathetic nerves.
40. Insulin hormone action requires receptor _____________________.
41. Elevated basal metabolic rate occurs due to excessive ________________ secretion.
42. A deficiency of dietary _____________ would result in excessive TSH secretion.
43. Appetite is suppressed by
44. Inhibition of hepatic (liver)
secretion from adipose tissue.
_______
45. LH, FSH, and TSH are classified as
secretion would limit cell division.
hormones.
46. Mutating the calmodulin gene would alter the ability of
second messenger.
47. Reproduction requires the secretion of
48. Atrophy of the adrenal
to act as a
____________ by the hypothalamus.
would result in impaired glucose metabolism.
49. In the phospholipase C-Calcium second messenger system, phospholipase C catalyzes the
formation of ___________________ which causes the release of calcium from the endoplasmic
reticulum.
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50. Increased blood glucose concentrations stimulates pancreatic secretion of ___
51. All prostaglandins are derived from ___________________
______.
.
Please circle the correct answer.
52. Nerves and ganglia comprise the
a) central nervous system.
c) brain.
b) peripheral nervous system.
d) spinal cord.
53. Reflex control of skeletal muscles
a) utilizes somatic motor neurons.
c) utilizes sympathetic neurons.
b) utilizes autonomic motor neurons.
d) utilizes parasympathetic neurons.
54. Blocking voltage-regulated Na+ channels
a) stimulates cellular depolarization.
c) inhibits cellular depolarization.
b) stimulates cellular repolarization.
d) inhibits cellular repolarization.
55. Action potentials
a) can normally be halted.
c) are usually spontaneous.
b) are all-or-none.
d) are variable in duration.
56. Mutations in the gene for calmodulin would
a) block production of action potentials.
b) block the depolarization of the cell.
c) inhibit neurotransmitter synthesis.
d) block the release of neurotransmitter.
57. Which of these fibers release norepinephrine?
a) preganglionic parasympathetic fibers.
b) postganglionic parasympathetic fibers.
c) postganglionic sympathetic fibers in the heart.
d) postganglionic sympathetic fibers in sweat glands.
e) all of the above
f) none of the above
58. Neurotransmitter release would be inhibited by
a) stimulating repolarization of the axon terminal.
b) blocking Ca2+ influx in the axon terminal.
c) blocking repolarization of the axon terminal.
d) stimulating protein kinase activity.
59. Acetylcholine
a) is always an excitatory neurotransmitter.
b) can bind to adrenergic receptors.
c) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter released by motor neurons.
d) can bind to nicotinic receptors.
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60. Nitric oxide
a) is a chemical messenger activating adenylate cyclase.
b) stimulates the dilation of blood vessels.
c) is produced from L-asparagine.
d) all of the above.
61. These nerve cells are needed for the formation of synapses in the CNS.
a) Ependymal.
b) Microglia.
c) Astrocytes.
d) Dendrites.
62. Coordinated movement requires interactions between the
,
, and
.
a) cerebellum, basal nuclei, motor cortex
b) hypothalamus, basal nuclei, pituitary
c) pons, medualla oblongata, spinal cord
d) cerebellum, Broca’s area, pineal
63. The __________________ is an area of the diencephalon (forebrain) which houses the
choroid plexus where cerebrospinal fluid is formed and the pineal gland.
a) limbic system
b) epithalamus
c) thalamus
d) hypothalamus
64. Feeding is primarily controlled by the __________________ in the diencephalon (forebrain.
a) limbic system
b) epithalamus
c) thalamus
d) hypothalamus
65. Autonomic motor nerves innervate
.
a) smooth muscle, skeletal muscle, glands
c) smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands
e) none of the above are correct
,
, and
b) cardiac, smooth, and skeletal muscle
d) glands, skeletal and cardiac muscle
f) all of the above are correct
66. The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
a) only utilizes epinephrine as a neurotransmitter.
b) has a single neuron arising from the spinal cord.
c) only utilizes norepinephrine as a neurotransmitter.
d) only utilizes acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter.
67. The autonomic nervous system
a) innervates skeletal muscle.
b) is not under conscious control.
c) is always excitatory.
d) has a single nerve extending from the spinal cord.
68. The vagus nerve would innervate all of the following except
a) the heart.
b) the stomach.
c) the liver.
d) the iris.
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69. The second messenger mediating the effects of norepinephrine would be
a) increased intracellular Ca2+.
b) decreased Ca2+.
c) increased cyclic AMP.
d) decreased intracellular cyclic AMP.
70. Circadian rhythms are integrated by the secretion of
by the
gland.
a) melatonin, pineal
b) estrogen, fat
c) GnRH, pineal
c). LH, pancreases
71. The major target of antidiuretic hormone is
a) the skin.
c) the stomach.
b) the kidneys.
d) the hypothalamus.
72. Inhibiting protein synthesis would limit the production of
a) oxytocin.
b) testosterone.
c) progesterone.
d) aldosterone.
73. A deficiency of dietary cholesterol would decrease the production of
a) glucagon.
b) atrial natriuretic hormone.
c) melatonin.
d) estradiol-17.
74. Thyroid hormones bind to receptors which
a) activate tyrosine kinase.
c) stimulate production of cyclic AMP.
glycerol.
b) regulate gene transcription.
d) stimulate production of diacyl
75. Pheromones
a) are endocrine regulators.
b) modify the physiology of another member of the same species.
c) are only detected via gustation.
d) are relatively unimportant in regulation of endocrine function.
76. The adrenal cortex is not involved in
a) regulation of blood glucose.
c) regulation of Ca2+ balance.
b) regulation of Na+ balance.
d) regulation of reproduction.
77. The thyroid gland secretes
a) parathyroid hormone.
c) thyroid stimulating hormone.
b) calcitonin.
d) glucagon.
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78. The above figure represents the differences in nicotinic and muscarinic receptor action.
What does “A” represent?
a) Sodium.
b) G Proteins.
c) Potassium.
d) Acetylcholine.
79. The above figure represents the differences in nicotinic and muscarinic receptor action. What
does “B” represent?
a) Sodium.
b) G Proteins.
c) Potassium.
d) Acetylcholine.
80. The above figure represents the differences in nicotinic and muscarinic receptor action. What
does “C” represent?
a) Sodium.
b) G Proteins.
c) Potassium.
d) Acetylcholine.
81. The above figure represents the differences in nicotinic and muscarinic receptor action. What
does “D” represent?
a) Sodium.
b) G Proteins.
c) Potassium.
d) Acetylcholine.
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82. The above figure represents the adenylate cyclase-cyclic AMP second-messenger system.
What does “A” represent?
a) cAMP.
b) protein kinase.
c) adenylate cyclase.
d) G-proteins.
83. The above figure represents the adenylate cyclase-cyclic AMP second-messenger system.
What does “B” represent?
a) cAMP.
b) protein kinase.
c) adenylate cyclase.
d) G-proteins.
84. The above figure represents the adenylate cyclase-cyclic AMP second-messenger system.
What does “C” represent?
a) cAMP.
b) protein kinase.
c) adenylate cyclase.
d) G-proteins.
85. The above figure represents the adenylate cyclase-cyclic AMP second-messenger system.
What does “D” represent?
a) cAMP.
b) protein kinase.
c) adenylate cyclase.
d) G-proteins.
86. Name two hormones produced by the hypothalamus. (2pts)
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87. Explain the actions of voltage gated sodium and potassium channels and describe the events
that occur during the production of an action potential including the process by which an
action potential is propagated from a pre to a post synaptic cleft. You may use a drawing to
help demonstrate your mastery of this question. (6pts)
88. Describe the structures and the pathways involved in the reflex arc. (4pts)
89. List the three layers of the Meninges. (3pts)
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90. List 2 of the three biological functions of the medulla oblongata. (2pts)
91. One day you decide to work cows with a buddy of yours from another university. This
buddy shows up and whoops and hollers at your cows running them all over the pasture.
Obviously, he has not had the production nor science classes you have had and simply does
not understand how stress affects livestock. You fill him/her in by explaining how stress and
the autonomic nervous system effect homeostasis in the cow. What did you tell him/her?
Why should you be calm around your livestock? What affects does you being calm around
your animals have on their biological system? (11pts; be specific)
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92. Explain the effects of GnRH, LH, and FSH on the male reproductive system. (3pts)
93. Hormones exhibit an affinity for receptors. Explain affinity and how it affects the response
of that tissue to a specific hormone. Give an example. (1pt)
94. Explain the significance of the term “tropic” with respect to the actions of anterior pituitary
hormones. (2pts)
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