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Calvin Cycle Hannah Evans, Kelsey Peckham, Andrea Renegar, and Karen Sloan What is the Calvin Cycle? ★ The Calvin Cycle is a series of redox reactions that take place in the stroma of chloroplasts in organisms that do photosynthesis. ★ It is also known as light independent reactions. ★ In stage 1, fixation, the enzyme RuBisCO incorporates carbon dioxide into an organic molecule, 3-PGA. ★ IN stage 2, reduction, the organic molecule is reduced using electrons supplied by NADPH. ★ In stage 3, regeneration, RuBP, the molecule that starts the cycle, is regenerated so that the cycle can continue. ★ The Calvin Cycle is a metabolic pathway that is in the stroma of the chloroplasts. ★ Carbon enters in the form of co2 and leaves in the form of sugar. ★ The calvin cycle uses atp as energy, and consumes nadph that reduces power and will add high energy electrons to make sugar. ○ NADPH Supplies the electrons What is the Difference in Plants? ★ In C3 plants, photosynthesis, carbon fixation, and the Calvin cycle all occur in a single chloroplast. ★ Photosynthesis takes place in chloroplasts of a mesophyll cell in c4 plants. a 4 carbon acid is given to a sheath cell, and then the calvin cycle occurs in the chloroplasts of that sheath cell. ★ In CAM plants, at night photosynthesis and initial carbon fixation take place, while during the day the Calvin cycle operates in the same chloroplasts. Photosynthesis and the Calvin Cycle ★ The Calvin Cycle is one of the many processes involved in photosynthesis. ★ It occurs inside the chloroplast, mainly the stroma, which is found only in plants. ★ The Calvin Cycle relies on the production of ATP and NADPH from other processes of Photosynthesis. Resources http://www.bio.umass.edu/biology/conn.river/calvin.html http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/biology/calvin.html https://www.google.com/search? q=redox+reactions&espv=2&biw=1365&bih=581&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0CAcQ_AUoAmoVChMI4M_puvXnyAIVBDsCh3UDgpl&safe=active&ssui=on#safe=active&tbm=isch&q=light+independent+reaction&imgrc=mWE0bbky49v25M%3A https://www.boundless.com/biology/textbooks/boundless-biology-textbook/photosynthesis-8/the-light-independent-reactions-ofphotosynthesis-82/the-calvin-cycle-377-11603/