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ENERGY What is energy? Energy is the ability to do work • When work is done to an object, energy is transferred to that object • Work is a transfer of energy • There are several types of energy • Energy is measured in Joules(J) • A joule is the SI unit of work, equal to one newton-meter Types of ENERGY • The major forms of energy are mechanical, thermal, chemical, electrical, electromagnetic, and nuclear MECHANICAL ENERGY MECHANICAL ENERGY IS THE ENERGY ASSOCIATED WITH THE MOTION AND POSITION OF EVERYDAY OBJECTS THE POSITION IS KNOWN AS POTENTIAL ENERGY • POTENTIAL ENERGY IS ENERGY THAT IS STORED AS A RESULT OF POSITION OR SHAPE • TWO FORMS OF POTENTIAL ENERGY ARE GRAVITATIONAL AND ELASTIC • GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL ENERGY DEPENDS ON ITS MASS, HEIGHT, AND THE ACCELERATION DUE TO GRAVITY (PE=MGH) (At the top of the hill, the ball has the greatest amount of potential energy.) THE MOTION IS KNOWN AS KINETIC ENERGY • Kinetic energy is the energy if motion • The forms of KE are vibrational, rotational, and translational • The kinetic energy equation is (KE=.5MV^2) • Kinetic energy is a scalar quantity so it does not have a direction (When the ball has almost reached the bottom of the hill, it has the greastest amount of kinetic energy) Thermal Energy The total potential and Kinetic energy of all the microscopic particles in an object make up its thermal energy • The amount of heat transferred by a substance depends on the speed and number of atoms or molecules in motion. • The faster the atoms or molecules move, the higher the temperature, and the more atoms or molecules that are in motion, the greater the quantity of heat they transfer. • Heat can be tranferred from particle to particle or object to object in three different ways. These are Conduction, Convection and Radiation. • The sun is the the greatest contibutor to thermal energy Chemical energy Chemical energy is the energy stored in chemical bonds • When bonds are broken, the released energy can do work. • All chemical compounds, including fuels such as coal and gasoline, store energy In the diagram, the battery's chemical energy is transforming into electrical energy and lighting up the light bulb Electrical energy Electrical energy is the energy associated with electric charges • Electric charges can exert forces that do work • Many devices you use every day use electricity, or electric energy • A battery transfers stored chemical energy as charged particles called electrons, typically moving through a wire. Lightning is one good example of electrical energy in nature, so powerful that it is not confined to a wire. Thunderclouds build up large amounts of electrical energy. This is called static electricity. They are released during lightning when the clouds strike against each other. Electromagnetic Energy Electromagnetic energy is a form of energy that travels through space in the form of waves • Because electromagnetic waves can travel long distances though air and space, they are often used for communication • Visible light and x-rays are examples of electromagnetic energy The Electromagnetic Spectrum is the range of all types of EM radiation. Nuclear energy Nuclear energy is the energy stored in atomic nuclei • Nuclear energy can be used to create electricity, but it must first be released from the atom. • A nuclear reactor, or power plant, is a series of machines that can control nuclear fission to produce electricity. • About 15 percent of the worlds electricity is generated by nuclear power plants The Law of Conservation of Energy The Law of Conservation of Energy states that energy cannot be created nor destroyed, but transferred into different forms • Energy can be converted from one form to another • Einstein's equation, E=mc^2, says that energy and mass are equvilent and can be converted into each other. Renewable Energy Resources Renewable resources are resources that can be replaced in a relatively short period of time • Renewable resources include hydroelectric, solar, geothermal, wind, biomass, and, possibly in the future, nuclear fission. Nonrenewable Energy Resources Nonrenewable energy resources exist in limited quantities and, once used, cannot be replaced except over the course of million of years • Nonrenewable energy resources include oil, natural gas, coal, and uranium. https://vimeo.com/114721148 A Renewable America commercial in favor for renewable resources Resources • http://www.energyeducation.tx.gov/energy/section_1/topics/for ms_of_energy.html • http://www.eschooltoday.com/energy/kinds-of-energy.html ENERGY