Download Classification

Why do we classify things?
Classification provides scientists and
Classification
students a way to sort and group
organisms for easier study.
There are millions of organisms on earth!
____________________________________
Organisms are classified by their:
___________________ (how they look)
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
UNITY AND DIVERSITY
Organizing the world of organsims
The Tree of Life
______________
______________
______________
______________
how they are built
how they live
organize them
into groups of
______________
______________
In one classification system, there are 2
main groups. In others, there are 3. In the
one used by most of the world’s scientists,
there are 6 main groups.
All living things are placed in one of the six
____________ …which are the most general
group (sort of).
They are then broken down into smaller
groups, then smaller groups, then smaller
and so on until there is just one…
____________ is the most specific group…
Classification
Here is another way
of looking at it…
Classification of Animal Kingdom
_______
_______
_______
_______
_______
_______
_______
Organizing systems
Making sense out of the differences
That’s my
idea baby!
Carolus Linnaeus
Eastern gray squirrel
Sciurus carolinensis
K
P
C
O
F
G
Can you make a sentence using the first letter of
each classification subgroup?
s
________________ devised this in the 1700’s
(18th century) using the last two subgroups
for the specific species name:
______________ — the branch of science
that classifies and names living things
GENUS
SPECIES
( ___________ ) ( ___________ )
______________ — a system for naming
things
In biology there is a two-word system that
is used to name organisms. It is called
GOLDBERG
GOLDBERG
GOLDBERG
Humans are known as _______ _______
genus
____________________________
The Five Kingdoms
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
JASON
BILL
WHOOPI
species
Classification
Organisms are grouped among these six
kingdoms by:
the presence or absence of a nuclear
membrane
Prokaryotes — _____________________________
Eukaryotes — ______________________________
Eukaryote
Prokaryote
unicellular ( _______ ) or multicellular (_____)
_____________________________ :
(heterotrophic or autotrophic)
KINGDOMS BACTERIA AND ARCHAEA
___________________________________
Kingdom
Bacteria
Kingdom
Archaebacteria
Kingdom
Protist
Kingdom
Fungi
Kingdom
Plant
Kingdom
Animal
Both Good & Bad…
pathogens
_________________
beneficial & necessary
help in digestion
help plants grow
make foods
___________________________________
most of these organisms are unicellular
(some can exist as multicellular
clusters)
Bacteria live EVERYWHERE
On plants & animals
In plants & animals
In the soil
In the extreme cold
In the extreme hot
On the living
On the dead
KINGDOM PROTISTA
___________________________________
___________________________________
predominantly unicellular
Protists
Simple Eukaryotes
Domain
Bacteria
Domain
Archaebacteria
Domain
Eukaryotes
Common ancestor
KINGDOM PROTISTA
two main phyla
A. Protozoa—animal-like nutrition (heterotrophic)
B. Algae—plant like nutrition (autotrophic)
Fungi
Eukaryotes
Domain
Bacteria
Domain
Archaebacteria
Common ancestor
Domain
Eukaryotes
KINGDOM FUNGI
___________________________________
___________________________________
absorbs food from its environment
(heterotrophic), does NOT ingest it!
organized into branched (usually
multicellular) filaments
Importance of fungi to humans
food production
bread
beer, wine
medicine production
antibiotics
KINGDOM PLANTS
___________________________________
Plants
Multicellular Photosynthetic Eukaryotes
___________________________________
all are multicellular
all are ________________ (autotrophic)
photo =
Domain
Bacteria
Domain
Archaea
Common ancestor
Domain
Eukarya
synthesis =
Plant Diversity
Mosses
no water
transport
system
(pipes)
Conifers
pollen &
seeds
Ferns
water
transport,
no seeds
Flowering plants
flowers
& fruit
Animals
Complex Multicellular Heterotrophic Eukaryotes
Domain
Bacteria
seed plants
Domain
Archaea
Domain
Eukarya
water transport system
colonization of land
Common ancestor
KINGDOM ANIMALS
largest grouping of organisms
___________________________________
Animal Evolution
sponges
jellyfish
flatworms roundworms mollusks segmented
worms
___________________________________
all are multicellular
all ingest food ( ____________ )
insects
spiders
segmented body
separate digestive system
left-right symmetry
tissues
many-celled
Ancestral Protist
starfish
vertebrates
internal skeleton
A) Coelenterates
1. ________________________
2. ________________________
hydra
jellyfish
B) Annelids
1. ________________________
earthworm
sandworm
leeches
fan worm
leech
crustaceans
C) Arthropods
1. _____________________
2. _____________________
grasshopper
lobster
spiders
insects
Arthropod groups
gills, 2 pairs antennae
crab, lobster, barnacles, shrmp
arachnids
8 legs, 2 body parts
spiders, ticks, scorpions
insects
6 legs, 3 body parts
D) Chordates
1. ________________________
2. ________________________
humans
frogs
sharks
cats
becomes brain &
spinal cord
That’s
the buzz…
Any
Questions?
becomes gills or
Eustachian tube
becomes tail
or tailbone
becomes
vertebrae
There are many CLASSES in the chordate PHYLUM!
ex. fish, birds, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals