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2015 Financialfacts
Great-West Life participating life insurance
ACCOUNTAB I L I T Y • S T R E NGT H • P E R F O R MANC E
This guide provides key financial facts about
the management, strength and performance
of the Great-West Life participating account.
Table of contents
Financial highlights 2015..................................................................4
Participating life insurance overview..................................................6
How participating policies perform...............................................6
How policyowner* dividends are allocated....................................7
Accountability.................................................................................8
Strength...................................................................................... 10
Participating account investment performance.................................. 12
Dividend scale interest rate....................................................... 12
Historical average returns.......................................................... 13
Stability........................................................................................ 14
Returns.................................................................................. 14
Asset mix..................................................................................... 15
Investment guidelines.................................................................... 16
Prudent management.................................................................... 17
Mortality................................................................................ 17
Expenses................................................................................ 18
Need more information?................................................................ 19
Appendix..................................................................................... 20
Great-West Life participating account management policy............ 20
Great-West Life participating policyholder* dividend policy........... 22
* The term “policyowner” is used throughout the Financial facts document except in the appendix
where the term “policyholder” is used.
Throughout this document numbers may have been rounded.
Performance data are provided for illustrative purposes only and represent past performance,
which is not necessarily indicative of future performance.
Financial highlights 2015
for the Great-West Life participating account
Accountability
Strength
Performance
•
The participating policyowner
portion of distributed surplus
continued to be 97.5 per cent.
•
The total participating account
assets, including surplus, were
$4.5 billion at Dec. 31, 2015.
•
Great-West Life has distributed
participating policyowner
dividends every year since 1899.
•
Great-West Life is governed
under the federal Insurance
Companies Act (ICA) of Canada,
which includes provisions for
how participating accounts
must be managed within a
company that has shareholders.
It also includes the requirements
that a participating account
management policy and a
policyowner dividend policy be
established and maintained.
•
Great-West Life continues to
enjoy strong credit ratings
relative to its North American
peer group due to its
conservative risk profile and
stable earnings track record.1
•
In 2015, Great-West Life
distributed $149 million in
participating policyowner
dividends.
•
Great-West Life’s long-term
investment strategy –
together with its strategy
of smoothing – helps reduce
the impact of short-term
volatility on the investment
component of participating
policyowner dividends.
•
Participating policyowner
dividends are determined in
accordance with the policyowner
dividend policy approved by the
board of directors. This policy is
intended to ensure reasonable
equity among groupings of
participating policyowners.
•
In 2015, Great-West Life
participating policyowner death
claims totalled $102 million.
•
Detailed information on the
investments held in Great-West
Life’s participating account can be
found at greatwestlife.com. This
information is updated quarterly.
NOTES
• The dividend scale interest rate is used to calculate the investment component of participating policyowner dividends and is based on the return
on the assets backing participating account liabilities. It does not include the return on assets backing the participating account surplus.
• The dividend scale interest rate is only one of many factors that contribute to an individual policy’s performance. The actual cash value growth in
any policy varies based on a number of factors, such as type of product, product features, premium-paying period, issue age, rating, dividend option,
the dividend scale and others.
1. Based on the latest credit ratings given by A.M. Best Company, DBRS Limited, Fitch Ratings, Moody’s Investors Service and Standard & Poor’s Ratings
Services at time of publication. The credit rating associated with DBRS Limited changed in 2015 as a result of a methodology adjustment to include
the replacement of the claims-paying ability category within the financial strength category. For current information on Great-West Life’s ratings and
financial strength, see the corporate information section at greatwestlife.com.
4
Great-West Life participating life insurance | 2015 Financial facts
Historical
average returns
•
The 2015 dividend scale interest
rate was 6.15 per cent.2
•
The 10-year average annual
dividend scale interest rate was
6.7 per cent, and the 20-year
average was 7.8 per cent to the
end of 2015.2
•
The 30-year average annual
dividend scale interest rate was
9.1 per cent for the period from
1986 to 2015.2
•
The 60-year average annual
dividend scale interest rate was
7.7 per cent for the period from
1956 to 2015.3
The one-year return on total
participating account assets
for 2015, after investment
expenses were deducted,
was 3.2 per cent.4
•
In 2015, participating account
investment expenses were
0.060 per cent.
•
Asset mix
•
In 2015, the participating
account holdings of equity
investments, including real
estate, decreased to 17.6
per cent of the total invested
participating account assets,
from 18.5 per cent in 2014.
•
In 2015, mortgage holdings
decreased to 26.6 per cent
of the total invested
participating account assets,
from 29.4 per cent in 2014.
•
In 2015, public bond holdings
increased to 43.8 per cent of
the total invested participating
account assets, from 41.7
per cent in 2014.
•
In 2015, private placement
holdings increased to
8.4 per cent of total invested
participating account assets,
from 8.2 per cent in 2014.
For 2016
•
In November 2015, the
board of directors approved
the recommendation of the
company’s actuary and decreased
the dividend scale for all
Great-West Life participating
insurance policies, effective
Jan. 1, 2016.
•
The continuing decline in
the interest rate environment,
combined with poor returns
on common stocks, were
the main drivers behind the
reduction in the dividend scale.
This reduction in the dividend
scale helps maintain the
long-term integrity, strength
and stability of Great-West Life’s
participating account.
•
On average, based on the 2016
dividend scale, approximately
60 per cent of participating
policyowner dividends will come
from investment experience.
Approximately 40 per cent will
come from other factors, such
as mortality, lapse, expense and
tax experience.5
•
The 2016 dividend scale interest
rate is 5.9 per cent, a decrease
of 0.25 percentage points.2
•
In 2016, it is estimated that
Great-West Life will distribute
$147 million in participating
policyowner dividends.
NOTES
2.
3.
4.
5.
The rate shown applies to policies issued on or after Sept. 16, 1968. These policies have a variable policy loan rate provision, whereas policies issued before
this date have a fixed policy loan rate provision and may have a different dividend scale interest rate.
The 60-year average annual dividend scale interest rate is a blended average of the dividend scale interest rate that applies to policies with a variable policy
loan rate provision (1969 to 2015) and the dividend scale interest rate that applies to policies with a fixed policy loan rate provision (1956 to 1968).
The participating account return is the return on the participating account assets that back both liabilities and surplus after investment expenses are
deducted. Investment expenses may vary yearly due to changes in the asset mix of the total participating account, economies of scale and other factors.
The participating account return is reported for the calendar year Jan. 1, 2015, to Dec. 31, 2015. The participating account return is a short-term indicator of
investment performance. This return is based on International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board
(IASB), effective Jan. 1, 2011, with the exception of unrealized gains and losses on bonds, which are excluded because bonds in the participating account are
generally held until maturity. Common stock and real estate returns are valued on a marked-to-market basis (i.e., not smoothed) and realized gains and losses
on bonds are recognized as incurred.
This applies to current participating life insurance products as of Dec. 31, 2015.
Great-West Life participating life insurance | 2015 Financial facts
5
Participating life insurance
overview
How participating life insurance policies perform
Participating life
insurance is built
on a foundation of
guaranteed values
and tax-advantaged
growth, plus the
opportunity to receive
policyowner dividends.
Participating policyowners’ premiums go into a separate account called
the participating account. Great-West Life manages this account,
investing its assets in a diversified portfolio of bonds, mortgages
and equities, including real estate. This frees policyowners from the
details of hands-on management. Earnings come from favourable
investment returns, mortality experience, policy lapse experience and
expense management relative to the assumptions used when pricing
the products. Each year, Great-West Life may distribute some of these
earnings in the form of participating policyowner dividends, as approved
by the board of directors. Participating policyowner dividends are
not guaranteed.
The amount to be distributed is influenced by considerations such
as the need to retain earnings as surplus and to reduce short-term
volatility in dividends. Surplus is held in the participating account for a
number of reasons, including to help maintain the strength and stability
of the company.
Great-West Life reviews the dividend scale and the participating account
insurance contract liabilities at least once per year. This review involves
analyzing factors such as investment returns, mortality experience,
expenses, lapses and taxes. The process is intended to ensure the
participating account insurance contract liabilities are at an appropriate
level and to determine whether a change needs to be made to the
policyowner dividend scale. This review may also include items such as
enhancement one-year term life insurance rates, the premiums charged
to purchase paid-up additions and various crediting interest rates
associated with the participating account.
Paid-up additions
Paid-up additions is a dividend option that uses policyowner dividends
to buy more participating life insurance that is fully paid up and has
additional cash value. This dividend option helps maximize the growth in
a policy’s cash value and death benefit.
Surplus, and income generated by it, is used to help ensure the financial
strength and stability of the company. It can also be used for other
purposes, such as:
6
•
Financing new business growth and acquisitions that may benefit the
participating account
•
Providing for transitions during periods of major change
•
Managing fluctuations in dividends
Great-West Life participating life insurance | 2015 Financial facts
How policyowner dividends are allocated
Each year, the board
of directors declares
what portion of the
participating account
earnings for that financial
year will be distributed
from the participating
account. Currently,
97.5 per cent of the
amount is distributed
to participating
policyowners, and
2.5 per cent is distributed
to the shareholder
account under section
461 of the federal
Insurance Companies
Act (ICA). See the
accountability section
for more details.
Participating policyowner dividends are allocated based on groupings
of participating policyowners, including:
• The year a policy was issued
• Eras in which premiums or guarantees are similar
• Plan types
• Basic risk classifications (e.g., male/female; smoker/non-smoker)
• Issue ages
Dividends are distributed fairly in the opinion of the appointed actuary,
in relation to the amount a policy has contributed to earnings. This is
referred to as the contribution principle. In following this principle,
several elements are taken into account, such as:
• Dividend groupings
• Generations of policies
• Legal and regulatory requirements
• Professional guidelines
• Industry practices
Dividends are distributed to policies according to the amount of basic and
paid-up additional coverage and the terms of each policy.
The premium due on the first policy anniversary must be paid before a
dividend is credited.
How is a participating policyowner dividend
different from a shareholder dividend?
Shareholder dividends are paid based on the overall results of the company
from all lines of business, including non-participating life insurance and
investment products.
Participating policyowner dividends are based solely on the experience
of Great-West Life’s participating insurance line of business.
Vesting is a significant benefit available with participating life insurance.
Starting at a policy’s first anniversary, policyowners can begin receiving
dividends. Dividends credited to a policy have cash value associated
with them. This cash value, once credited to the policy, can grow year
after year. It cannot be reduced or used for any purpose other than as
authorized by the policyowner, to pay premiums or to preserve the
policy’s tax-exempt status.
Vesting is a key and attractive advantage of participating life insurance
because policyowner dividends, once distributed, are not negatively
affected by future adverse experience.
Great-West Life participating life insurance | 2015 Financial facts
7
Accountability
Great-West Life is a shareholder-owned
company and as such is required to
maintain the participating account
and its earnings separately from the
shareholder account.
Great-West Life is governed by various
federal and provincial laws, regulatory
agencies – including the Office of the
Superintendent of Financial Institutions
(OSFI) – relevant provincial insurance
regulatory authorities and the federal
Insurance Companies Act (ICA). These
agencies, acts and laws regulate
how Great-West Life manages its
participating account.
Insurance Companies Act
(ICA) provisions and references
Subject to the ICA, the directors of a company must
manage or supervise the management of business
affairs of the company. This management includes
establishing and maintaining a policy for dividends to
be distributed to participating policyowners, as well
as a policy for the management of the participating
accounts. The ICA contains a number of provisions
that outline certain duties required of directors and the
reporting requirements regarding the use of fair and
equitable actuarial practices.
1. Investment income and expenses are to be
allocated to the participating account in accordance
with a method that in the opinion of the company’s
actuary is fair and equitable to participating
policyowners. Once this allocation method is
approved by the board of directors, it is sent to
OSFI (sections 457-460).
2. The board of directors is required to establish
and maintain a policy for determining the
dividends to be distributed to participating
policyowners and to send a copy of the policy to
OSFI (section 165 (2) (e)).
3. The board of directors is required to establish and
maintain a policy respecting the management of
the participating account and to send a copy of
the policy to OSFI (section 165 (2) (e.1)).
4. At least annually, the company’s actuary must review
the participating policyowner dividend policy and
provide a written report to the board of directors on
its continuing fairness to participating policyowners
(section 165 (3.1) – Report of the Actuary).
5. Prior to the declaration of policyowner dividends
by the board of directors, the company’s actuary
must provide his or her opinion to the board
on the fairness to participating policyowners of
the proposed policyowner dividends and on the
company’s compliance with its policyowner
dividend policy (section 464 (2)).
8
Great-West Life participating life insurance | 2015 Financial facts
6. The ICA limits the amount that may be distributed
to the shareholder account from any annual
distribution of the profits of the participating
account for a financial year (section 461).
This annual limit is set as a maximum percentage
of the amount determined by the board of
directors to be distributed from the profits of the
participating account for that financial year. This
total amount to be distributed is divided between
the shareholders and participating policyowners.
The maximum percentage of the total distribution
that can be distributed to the shareholder account
depends on the size of the participating account.
The maximum percentage decreases from
10 per cent for a small participating account to
just over 2.5 per cent as the size of the participating
account increases. Currently, Great-West Life
distributes 2.5 per cent of the total distribution to
the shareholder account. In 2015, this distribution
to the shareholder account was $3 million,
representing approximately 0.1 per cent of the
participating account assets at Dec. 31, 2015.
For more information on
Great-West Life’s participating
account management policy
and the policyowner dividend
policy, see the appendix.
7. Each participating policyowner and shareholder
is entitled to receive notice to attend the annual
meeting of policyowners and shareholders and
to receive copies of documents (for example, the
annual statement). Each also has certain voting
rights (sections 331 and 334).
Great-West Life participating life insurance | 2015 Financial facts
9
Strength
A Great-West Life participating life insurance policy provides a foundation of
guaranteed values. It also offers the opportunity for growth based on participation
in a pool with other participating policies.
Great-West Life offers both stability and flexibility
in a permanent life insurance solution.
•
•
Great-West Life’s participating account has
$4.5 billion in assets, including $607 million
in surplus (at Dec. 31, 2015).
•
The Great-West Life participating account’s strong
surplus position helps provide stability and strength
to the company and can help manage fluctuations
in dividends.
•
Great-West Life continues to enjoy strong credit
ratings relative to its North American peer group
due to its conservative risk profile and stable earnings
track record.1
Great-West Life has distributed participating
policyowner dividends every year since 1899.
Participating account ($ millions)
PARTICIPATING ACCOUNT BALANCE SHEET
SUMMARY OF PARTICIPATING ACCOUNT OPERATIONS
20142015
Participating policyowner premiums
$351
$396
+ Investment income
261
139
– Benefits paid
163
173
– Changes in actuarial liabilities 206
71
77
110
– Distribution to policyowners
and shareholders
146
154
Policyowner dividends
136
149
– Expenses and taxes
Change in dividend liability 6
1
Shareholder portion
Cash payment
4
3
Accrual
–
1
= Participating account net income (loss)
$20
Dec. 31, Dec. 31,
2014
2015
Assets $4,330 $4,460
– Liabilities 3,751
3,853
= Closing balance for
participating account surplus
$579
$607
Opening balance Dec. 31 (previous year)
$549
$579
+ Participating account net income (loss)
20
27
+ Other comprehensive income (loss) 10
1
= Closing balance for
participating account surplus $579
$607
Participating account surplus
$27
NOTES
• Investment income is based on International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB),
effective Jan. 1, 2011. Certain assets, such as public bonds, common stocks and real estate, are marked-to-market (not smoothed). Investment
income is reported for the calendar year Jan. 1 to Dec. 31 and includes assets backing both the participating account liabilities and surplus.
• Changes in actuarial liabilities are based on IFRS as issued by the IASB, effective Jan. 1, 2011. A change in actuarial liabilities is made to ensure the
total amount of actuarial liabilities is sufficient to meet all participating policyowner obligations.
• The dividend liability represents participating policyowner dividends earned but not paid at the calendar year-end.
• To be consistent with the company’s financial statements, the accumulated other comprehensive income is now included in the participating account
surplus. Other comprehensive income includes specific unrealized investment gains and losses, which may be temporary.
• Asset values are based on IFRS as issued by the IASB, effective Jan. 1, 2011.
• The accrual account represents a portion of shareholder surplus that is held within the participating account and has been recognized but not paid.
It is dependent on future payment of dividends to participating policyowners. The accrual account balance increased by $0.5 million in 2014 and by
$0.7 million in 2015.
1.
10
Based on the latest credit ratings given by A.M. Best Company, DBRS Limited, Fitch Ratings, Moody’s Investors Service and Standard & Poor’s Ratings
Services at time of publication. The credit rating associated with DBRS Limited changed in 2015 as a result of a methodology adjustment to include
the replacement of the claims-paying ability category within the financial strength category. For current information on Great-West Life’s ratings and
financial strength, see the corporate information section at greatwestlife.com.
Great-West Life participating life insurance | 2015 Financial facts
Great-West Life –
serving our clients
since 1891
Founded in Winnipeg in 1891, The Great-West Life Assurance Company
is a leading Canadian insurer, with interests in life and health insurance,
investments, savings and retirement income and reinsurance businesses,
primarily in Canada and Europe.
In Canada, Great-West Life and its subsidiaries, London Life and Canada Life,
offer a broad portfolio of financial and benefit plan solutions. Great-West Life’s
products include a wide range of investment, savings and retirement income
plans, payout annuities as well as life, disability, critical illness and health
insurance for individuals and families.
For large and small businesses and organizations, Great-West Life offers
a variety of benefit plan solutions featuring options, such as life insurance,
critical illness and disability insurance, and healthcare, dentalcare and
wellness international benefits plans, plus convenient online services.
We also offer group retirement and savings plans that are tailored to the
unique needs of businesses and organizations.
Together, Great-West Life and its subsidiaries, London Life and Canada Life,
serve the financial security needs of more than 12 million people across
Canada and have $410 billion in consolidated assets under administration
(at Dec. 31, 2015). Great-West Life reported a minimum continuing capital
and surplus requirements ratio of 238 per cent at Dec. 31, 2015.*
Together, Great-West Life, London Life and Canada Life have almost
three million individual life insurance policies in force (at Dec. 31, 2015)
and are a leading provider of individual life insurance in Canada.
The companies are subsidiaries of Great-West Lifeco Inc., and members
of the Power Financial Corporation group of companies.
* In Canada, the Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions (OSFI) has established a capital adequacy
measurement for life insurance companies incorporated under the Insurance Companies Act and their subsidiaries,
known as the minimum continuing capital and surplus requirements (MCCSR) ratio. For Canadian regulatory
purposes, capital is defined by OSFI in its MCCSR guideline. The company’s practice is to maintain the capitalization
of its regulated operating subsidiaries at a level that will exceed the relevant minimum regulatory capital
requirements in the jurisdictions in which they operate.
Great-West Life participating life insurance | 2015 Financial facts
11
Participating account
investment performance
The investment
performance of the
Great-West Life
participating account is an
important component in
determining the long-term
value of participating life
insurance policies.
The participating account
assets are managed
by Great-West Life’s
investment division.
The company’s asset/
liability management
group monitors the overall
asset mix and guides
investment activity
within the parameters
of the investment policy,
approved by the board of
directors. The managers
of the specific asset
classes – such as bonds,
mortgages and equities,
including real estate –
manage the buying and
selling of the actual assets
in the portfolio within the
parameters specified.
12
Dividend scale interest rate
The dividend scale interest rate is an element used to determine the
amount of participating policyowner dividends that come from the
participating account’s investments.
This rate:
• Incorporates the smoothed investment experience of assets backing
participating account liabilities for the most recent 12-month period
from July 1 to June 30
• Does not include the return on assets backing the participating
account surplus
• Includes factors such as the smoothed gains and losses from
prior periods
• May change depending on investment experience
Smoothing is the process by which gains and losses are brought into
the dividend scale interest rate over a period of time.
Great-West Life’s long-term investment strategy – together with its strategy
of smoothing – helps reduce the impact of short-term volatility on the
investment component of participating policyowner dividends.
The dividend scale interest rate is only one factor that contributes to an
individual policy’s performance. It cannot be directly tied to the cash value
growth in a particular policy. The actual cash value growth in any policy
varies based on a number of factors, including:
• Type of product
• Product features
• Premium-paying period
• Issue age
• Rating
• Dividend option
• Dividend scale
• Policy duration
Past results are not indicative of the participating account’s future
investment performance.
Great-West Life participating life insurance | 2015 Financial facts
Historical average returns (at Dec. 31, 2015)
1
5
10
20
30
60
30-year
standard
deviation
(2015)
(2011 – 2015)
(2006 – 2015)
(1996 – 2015)
(1986 – 2015)
(1956 – 2015)
(since 1986)
Great-West Life dividend
scale interest rate (%)
6.2
6.3
6.7
7.8
9.1
7.7
2.2
S&P/TSX composite total
return index (%)
-8.3
2.3
4.4
7.6
7.8
8.9
15.8
Five-year GICs (%)
1.5
1.7
2.2
3.2
5.0
n/a
3.0
Government of Canada
5- to 10-year bonds (%)
1.2
1.8
2.7
4.0
5.6
6.6
2.8
Consumer price index (%)
1.6
1.5
1.6
1.8
2.3
3.7
1.3
Number of years
All historical average annual returns are geometric means. A low standard deviation means the range of performance has been
narrow and indicates there has been less volatility.
As with any financial product, over the long term a change in investment returns can have a significant impact
on participating policyowner dividend values and related features in a policy. To better understand this sensitivity,
clients and policyowners should refer to the reduced dividend examples in their policy illustrations. It may be
useful to periodically request an updated copy of the illustration.
NOTES
• The historical average annual dividend scale interest rate for 30 years or less applies to policies issued on or after Sept. 16, 1968, which have a variable
policy loan rate provision. Policies issued before this date have a fixed policy loan rate provision and may have a different dividend scale interest rate.
The 60-year average annual rate is a blended average of the dividend scale interest rate that applies to policies with a variable policy loan rate provision
(1969 to 2015) and the dividend scale interest rate that applies to policies that have a fixed policy loan rate provision (1956 to 1968).
• The dividend scale interest rate is used to calculate the investment component of participating policyowner dividends and is based on assets backing
participating account liabilities. It does not include the returns on assets backing participating account surplus. The dividend scale interest rate for
policies issued on or after Sept. 16, 1968 is 5.9 per cent for 2016.
• S&P/TSX composite total return index includes the reinvestment of dividends. TSX © Copyright 2016 TSX Inc. All rights reserved.
• Five-year guaranteed investment certificate (GIC) returns are based on the nominal yields to maturity taken from Statistics Canada, CANSIM table
176-0043, series V122526 (Statistics Canada website), Jan. 4, 2016. For each calendar year, the average of the monthly GIC rates was used.
• Government of Canada five- to 10-year bond returns are taken from Statistics Canada, CANSIM table 176-0043, series V122486
(Statistics Canada website), Jan. 4, 2016. For each calendar year, the average of the monthly values was used.
• Consumer price index inflation rates are based on the change from December to December, taken from Statistics Canada, CANSIM table 326-0020,
series V41690973 (Statistics Canada website), Jan. 21, 2016.
Great-West Life participating life insurance | 2015 Financial facts
13
Stability
The Great-West Life participating account’s strong surplus position helps
provide stability and strength to the company and can help manage fluctuations
in dividends.
During times of economic change, the Great-West Life dividend scale interest rate has been relatively
stable compared to returns on many financial investments. The graph below shows how the participating
account asset mix and the smoothing of returns have had stabilizing effects on the Great-West Life
dividend scale interest rate.
Returns (at Dec. 31, 2015)
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
-10%
-20%
-40%
88-1752G
-30%
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
2013
2015
Great-West
Life dividend
scale interest
Performance data are provided for illustrative purposes only and represent past performance, which
is not necessarily
indicative
of futurerate
performance.
S&P/TSX composite total return index
5-year guaranteed investment certificates (GICs)
Government of Canada 5- to 10-year bonds
NOTES
• The dividend scale interest rate is used to calculate the investment component of participating policyowner dividends and is based on assets backing
participating account liabilities. It does not include the returns on assets backing participating account surplus. The rate shown applies to policies issued
on or after Sept. 16, 1968. These policies have a variable policy loan rate provision, whereas policies issued before this date have a fixed policy loan rate
provision and may have a different dividend scale interest rate.
• The S&P/TSX composite total return index includes the reinvestment of dividends. TSX © Copyright 2016 TSX Inc. All rights reserved.
• Five-year guaranteed investment certificate (GIC) returns are the nominal yields to maturity taken from Statistics Canada, CANSIM table 176-0043,
series V122526 (Statistics Canada website), Jan. 4, 2016. For each calendar year, the average of the monthly GIC rates was used.
• Government of Canada five- to 10-year bond returns are taken from Statistics Canada, CANSIM table 176-0043, series V122486 (Statistics Canada
website), Jan. 4, 2016. For each calendar year, the average of the monthly values was used.
14
Great-West Life participating life insurance | 2015 Financial facts
Asset mix
The Great-West Life total participating account includes assets backing
participating account liabilities and assets backing participating account surplus.
The assets backing participating account liabilities are broadly diversified and are generally managed as a
fixed-income account with a target mix of approximately 80 per cent of invested assets in fixed-income
investments and 20 per cent of invested assets in equities.
The assets backing participating account surplus are primarily invested in fixed income.
Great-West Life total
participating account assets
at 2014 and 2015 year-ends
TotalTotal Total
Dec. 31, invested Dec. 31, invested
Investment
participating
2014assets2015assets
guidelines
account assets
($ millions)
$%$%% %
Short term
Cash and equivalents
$92.1
2.2%
$155.6
3.7%
0% to 5%
3.5%
Fixed income
Bonds and private placements Public bonds
Government 829.0
20.0
1,010.9
23.8
22.7
Corporate 898.0
21.7
852.3
20.0
19.1
338.7
8.2
355.6
8.4
8.0
2,065.6
49.9
2,218.8
Private placements Subtotal of bonds and private placements
52.2
40 to 75
49.8
Mortgages
Residential 251.5
6.1
277.0
6.5
6.2
Commercial 964.0
23.3
853.7
20.1
19.1
Subtotal of mortgages
1,215.5
29.4
1,130.7
26.6
25.3
Total fixed income
3,281.2
79.3
3,349.4
78.7
15 to 40
75.1
Equity
Real estate and common stock
Real estate
186.4
4.5
214.6
5.0
0 to 15
4.8
Common stock
562.1
13.6
522.8
12.3
5 to 20
11.7
748.5
18.1
737.4
17.3
16.5
Preferred stock
17.7
0.4
12.3
0.3
0.3
Total equities
766.2
18.5
749.6
17.6
16.8
Subtotal of real estate and common stock
Total invested assets
4,139.5 100.0
4,254.7100.0
95.4
Policy loans
207.4
209.6
4.7
Other assets*
-16.9
-4.2
-0.1
Total participating account assets
$4,330.0 $4,460.1 100.0%
* Includes assets such as investment income due and accrued, outstanding premiums (receivables), future income tax and reinsurance assets.
NOTES
• Great-West Life has guidelines in place for the participating account, including surplus, to manage the level of invested assets by asset class. These ranges do not include the categories of
policy loans or other assets found in the table above. Any change to the investment guidelines must be approved by the board of directors.
• Asset values are based on International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), effective Jan. 1, 2011.
Great-West Life participating life insurance | 2015 Financial facts
15
Investment guidelines
The investment guidelines for each asset category
recognize the business objectives, liability characteristics,
liquidity requirements, tax considerations and interest rate
risk tolerance unique to that category. Any change to the
investment guidelines must be approved by Great-West
Life’s board of directors.
A large portion of the total participating account assets
is invested in bonds and mortgages to support long-term
stable growth and core guarantees within participating
life insurance policies.
Great-West Life’s investment strategy helps stabilize
the variation in the investment returns used to
determine the investment portion of participating
policyowner dividends.
Asset quality is very important
At Dec. 31, 2015
Asset quality
Public bonds
Private placements
AAA........................ 51.5%................................1.1%
AA........................... 12.0%............................... 6.8%
A............................. 23.5%............................. 47.6%
BBB......................... 12.6%............................. 44.5%
BB or less.................. 0.3%............................... 0.0%
Total..................... 100.0%........................... 100.0%
99.7 per cent of total bonds held are investment grade
or higher – i.e., BBB or higher, which is an investment
industry measure of bond quality.
Private placements are internally rated.
Years to maturity by fixed-income
asset type
Based on book values at Dec. 31, 2015
Years to maturity
0 to 5 years
Over 5 years
Public bonds
35.6%
64.4%
Private placements
17.5%
82.5%
Residential mortgages
99.4%
0.6%
Commercial mortgages
56.7%
43.3%
Total fixed income
44.3%
55.7%
About 10 per cent of the total fixed-income portfolio
of bonds and mortgages will be invested each year at
then-current market rates. The majority of this is due to
the maturity of bonds and mortgages. A portion of the
new premiums and investment income is also invested
at the current market rates each year.
The asset returns available in the marketplace in
January and February 2016 for new participating
account investments in bonds and mortgages were
about 3.0 per cent. This is approximately 2.1 percentage
points below the average return for similar participating
account assets maturing throughout 2016.
16
Great-West Life participating life insurance | 2015 Financial facts
Private placements
Private placements are bond investments made
through private agreements with various borrowers.
They are grouped into three main categories:
• Lease finance
• Mid-market and other corporate credit
• Infrastructure
These investments have the potential to provide
higher returns to the participating account than
other types of fixed-income investments generally can.
All private placements go through a disciplined credit
process. Each arrangement undergoes due diligence
and is thoroughly researched, underwritten and
actively managed by the specialized private placement
investment management team.
Mortgages
(commercial and residential)
Percentage
Insured............................................................. 23.1%
Uninsured......................................................... 76.9%
Total............................................................... 100.0%
•
Principal and interest to the date of default are
guaranteed for insured mortgages.
•
Residential and commercial mortgage arrears
(90+ days) are 0.04 per cent compared to the
0.04 per cent industry average at Dec. 31, 2015.
Prudent management
The historical performance of Great-West Life’s participating account is due not only to strong investment results,
but also to prudent selection of underwriting risks and favourable mortality and expense management results.
On average, for current products under the 2015 dividend scale, approximately 60 per cent of participating
policyowner dividends were derived from investment experience. Approximately 40 per cent were derived from
other factors, such as mortality, lapse, expense and tax experience.1
Mortality
People are living longer and participating policyowners have benefited
Every decade of the last century has shown mortality improvement. When people live longer, policy claims are paid
later than anticipated, which creates gains in mortality experience. This benefits policyowners because gains in
mortality experience can have a positive impact on the participating account and can increase the amount available
for distribution as participating policyowner dividends. This is a unique feature of participating life insurance.
Statistics Canada life expectancy for males and females at birth
90
FEMALE
80
YEARS
MALE
70
88-1746G
60
50
1920-1922 1930-1932 1940-19421950-1952 1960-19621970-1972 1980-19821990-1992 2000-2002 2007-2009
Statistics Canada remaining life expectancy for males and females at age 65
24
FEMALE
YEARS
20
MALE
16
88-1747G
12
8
1920-1922 1930-1932 1940-19421950-1952 1960-19621970-1972 1980-19821990-1992 2000-2002 2007-2009
NOTES
1
This applies to current participating life insurance products as of Dec. 31, 2015.
SOURCES
• 1920–1922 to 1980–1982 tables: Statistics Canada Longevity and Historical Life Tables: 1921–1981 (Abridged) Canada and the Provinces. Catalogue no. 89-506.
• 1990–1992 table: Statistics Canada Life Tables, Canada, Provinces and Territories. Catalogue no. 84–537.
• 2000–2002 to 2007–2009 tables: Statistics Canada, CANSIM table 102-0512.
Great-West Life participating life insurance | 2015 Financial facts
17
The protective value of underwriting
Expenses
These mortality statistics reflect life expectancies for the entire
population. On average, individuals who have been underwritten
and approved for life insurance have even longer life expectancies.
People considered a higher risk because of health, lifestyle or
occupational concerns may pay more for life insurance coverage
or may be declined coverage.
Together, Great-West Life and
its subsidiaries, London Life and
Canada Life, serve the financial
security needs of more than 12
million people across Canada,
have almost three million individual
life insurance policies in force
(at Dec. 31, 2015) and are a
leading provider of individual life
insurance in Canada. This provides
considerable opportunities for
Great-West Life when it comes to
achieving expense efficiencies.
Mortality results for Great-West Life
Mortality experience is reviewed annually and changes are taken into
account in the review of participating policyowner dividends.
Mortality improvements can help to partially offset the impact of
declining interest rates. The 2016 dividend scale change reflects the
benefit of additional mortality improvement experienced by Great-West
Life participating policyowners since the last dividend scale change.
Even if mortality improvements slow over time, current mortality
levels are still better than those used in pricing participating life
insurance products. This is due to the level of conservatism built
into the long-term pricing assumptions Great-West Life used when
developing the guarantees associated with its participating life
insurance products and Great-West Life’s process for selection of risk.
Expenses and taxes incurred by
Great-West Life are allocated
to the participating account in
accordance with a method that
in the opinion of the company’s
actuary is fair and equitable
to participating policyowners
and that has been approved
by the board of directors after
considering the actuary’s opinion.
Each year the actuary reviews the
method used by the company
for allocating expenses and taxes
to the participating account
and reports to the board of
directors on its continuing fairness
and equitableness. Expense
management policies focus on
controlling expenses for the
benefit of participating
policyowners and shareholders.
Great-West Life has been a
shareholder-owned company
since 1891. The company’s
accountability for expense
management is well established.
18
Great-West Life participating life insurance | 2015 Financial facts
Need more information?
For more information
about how participating
life insurance policies
work, ask your financial
security advisor for:
•
Your guide to Great-West Life
participating life insurance
•
Great-West Life participating
insurance: Looking back at
historical returns
Smoothed returns help reduce
volatility – How Great-West Life
participating life insurance uses
smoothing to reduce volatility
of policyowner dividends
•
•
Great-West Life participating
account investment reports
•
Balancing to reduce risk
You can find out more about participating life insurance and
Great-West Life’s other products and services by calling your financial
security advisor or local office. Each year on a policy’s anniversary,
a participating policyowner receives an annual statement that provides
an update on the current status of the policy. It’s often useful to ask
your financial security advisor for an updated policy illustration.
Visit Great-West Life online at greatwestlife.com or call
1-800-665-0551 if you have questions about a specific policy.
Your policy contains important definitions of certain terms used
in this guide.
This guide should be kept with your Great-West Life illustration
and participating life insurance policy contract.
The information provided is based on current laws, regulations and
other rules applicable to the company and to Canadian residents.
Every reasonable effort has been made to ensure its accuracy as of the
date of publication. Rules and their interpretations may change, which
could affect the accuracy of the information. The information provided
is general in nature and should not be relied on as a substitute for
advice in any specific situation. For specific situations, advice should be
obtained from the appropriate professional advisors.
Great-West Life is a member of Assuris, which administers the
Consumer Protection Plan for policyowners of member companies.
Great-West Life participating life insurance | 2015 Financial facts
19
Appendix
Great-West Life Assurance Company (the Company)
Participating Account Management Policy
This Participating Account Management Policy has been
established by the Board of Directors, in conjunction
with the Participating Policyholder Dividend Policy, and
may be amended by the board from time to time at its
discretion. The factors most likely to be considered in
deciding whether to amend this policy include changes in
applicable legal or regulatory requirements, professional
guidelines, industry practices or significant business
changes. The Appointed Actuary has overall accountability
for the administration of this policy.
As required by the Insurance Companies Act, the
Company maintains accounts for its participating
insurance policies separately from those maintained in
respect of other policies. This facilitates the measurement
of the earnings attributable to the participating account.
The participating account is maintained in respect of
participating life insurance policies and a small block of
participating annuities that have been issued or assumed
by the Company. The participating account remains
open to new participating policies issued or assumed
by the Company.
Assets of the Company held within its general funds
are allocated to the participating account and nonparticipating account segments for the purpose of
determining investment income for each account.
Assets are allocated to each segment according to the
investment guidelines established for the segments.
These guidelines outline criteria for asset mix, liquidity,
currency risk and interest rate risk. These guidelines are
intended to recognize considerations such as the business
objectives, liability characteristics, liquidity requirements,
tax considerations and interest rate risk tolerance of each
segment. Assets allocated to a segment may from time
to time be reallocated to another segment within the
same account or another account provided the assets
exchanged comply with the investment policy of the
respective segments. Any such exchanges are effected
at fair value.
20
On an annual basis the Board of Directors reviews and
approves investment policies and guidelines which govern
investment activities. The investment policies outline a
number of principles for investing in assets, including
risk tolerance and the approach to managing investment
risk. Investment risk is managed through underwriting
standards, exposure limits and specific guidelines
governing asset classes and investment operations. The
investment policies establish limits for the concentration
of assets in single geographic areas, industries, companies
and types of businesses as part of the risk management
process. The Company may use derivative products for
risk management purposes to hedge asset and liability
positions, or as substitutes for cash within specified limits.
The assets supporting the participating account liabilities
are notionally divided into two segments for defining
investment needs and objectives and managing the
portfolio: (1) investments that are used to satisfy near
term policy benefits (next 10 years) and (2) investments
that are used to achieve longer term objectives of the
participating account.
The investments used for the near term are primarily fixed
income assets. The cash flows of these assets, together
with the participating policy premiums, are expected to
provide for the policyholder benefits for the next 10 years.
These benefits include dividends, death benefits, cash
surrender values and other policy benefits, such as waiver
of premium.
To achieve the longer term objectives of the participating
account, the balance of the accounts invested in a
combination of 1 to 10 year fixed income assets and
a diversified pool of common stocks and real estate.
As a result, the fixed income assets in this segment are
expected to mature and be reinvested several times before
satisfying the policy benefits. The focus in managing
this segment is to create value by reinvesting in a
disciplined manner as investment spreads interest rate
levels and equity market conditions evolve and cycle. The
performance of this part of the strategy is a key driver of
changes in the dividend scale interest rate and this rate is
an important contributor to changes in the dividend scale.
Great-West Life participating life insurance | 2015 Financial facts
Investment income is allocated to the participating
account in accordance with the Company’s investment
income allocation policy. Generally, investment income
results are allocated directly to a segment based on the
assets allocated to the segment. Each year the Appointed
Actuary reviews the method used for allocating investment
income to the participating account and reports to the
Board of Directors on its fairness and equitableness.
Expenses and taxes incurred by the Company are allocated
to the participating account in accordance with the
Company’s expense allocation and tax allocation policies.
Expenses are allocated by the area incurring the
expense to the appropriate company and line of
business. As a general principle, expenses are allocated to
a line of business in accordance with its business activities.
In addition, from time to time Great-West Life and/or its
subsidiaries make significant expenditures/investments
outside of regular business activities which may include
but are not limited to transactions such as acquisitions,
restructurings, and capital expenditures (e.g. major IT
systems), the intent and effect of which is to reduce future
expenses. The governing principle for fair and equitable
treatment of such expenditures/investments is that
expenses will be allocated to the lines of business
recognizing both the benefit derived by the line of
business from that expenditure/investment and the
contribution made by the line of business to that
expenditure/investment.
In general, expenses that are exclusively related
to participating business are allocated directly to
the participating account. Expenses related to both
participating and non-participating business are allocated
based on business statistics when the expenses vary
based on those statistics, based on managers’ estimates
supported by time studies or other assessments, or in
proportion to the total expenses allocated using all of the
methods previously mentioned.
Each year the Appointed Actuary reviews the method
used for allocating expenses and taxes to the participating
account and reports to the Board of Directors on its
fairness and equitableness.
The participating account surplus is managed in
accordance with the Company’s capital management
policy and participating account surplus policy and with
regard to regulatory requirements. Surplus is required
for a number of purposes including to help ensure
the Company can meet its obligations to participating
policyholders, help ensure financial strength and stability
of the Company, finance new business growth and
acquisitions which may benefit the participating account,
provide for transitions during periods of major change,
and to avoid undue fluctuations in dividends; subject to
items such as practical considerations and limits, legal
and regulatory requirements, and industry practices. The
surplus position is reviewed annually, having regard for
the specific circumstances of the participating account.
Based on the review, contributions to surplus may be
adjusted by increasing or decreasing the dividend scale.
As permitted by the Insurance Companies Act, the
Company may distribute to the shareholders a percentage
of the amount distributed to policyholders in respect
of a financial year. Prior to any such distribution, the
Appointed Actuary will confirm to the Board of Directors
that the proposed distribution is permitted under the
terms of the Insurance Companies Act. The proportion
distributed to the shareholders will not exceed the
prescribed amount as determined under section 461 of
the Insurance Companies Act. Any distribution made
to the shareholders will be published in the Company’s
annual report.
Approved by The Great-West Life Assurance
Company Board of Directors on Nov. 5, 2014,
and effective on that day.
For unusual items, management will determine and report
to the Appointed Actuary the resulting allocation of
expenses to each line of business, including the basis and
justification for it.
Taxes are allocated to the participating account using the
characteristics of the participating and non-participating
accounts that are determinative of the relevant tax costs.
Great-West Life participating life insurance | 2015 Financial facts
21
Great-West Life Assurance Company
Participating Policyholder Dividend Policy
This Policyholder Dividend Policy, in conjunction with
the Participating Account Management Policy, has been
established by the board of directors and applies to all
participating insurance policies issued or assumed by the
Company. The board of directors may amend this policy
from time to time at its discretion. The factors most likely
to be considered in deciding whether to amend this
policy include changes in applicable legal or regulatory
requirements, professional guidelines, industry practices or
significant business changes. The Appointed Actuary has
overall accountability for the administration of this policy.
Earnings are generated in the participating account
when the experience in the participating account for
factors such as investment income, mortality, lapses,
expenses and taxes is collectively more favourable than
the assumptions for these factors used when pricing
the participating insurance policies. The Company may
distribute a portion of the earnings at the discretion of
the board of directors in accordance with this policy.
Participating insurance policies are eligible for periodic
policyholder dividends. Policyholder dividends are
not guaranteed. The amount to be distributed from
the participating account as policyholder dividends is
determined at least annually following a review of the
experience and trends in experience. Experience in a given
year may be amortized into the dividend scale to avoid
undue fluctuations in dividends. The amount distributed
is also influenced by considerations such as the need to
retain earnings as surplus as described in the Participating
Account Management Policy.
The amount distributed as policyholder dividends
is divided among classes of policies by setting the
policyholder dividend scale. These dividend classes are
groupings of participating policies with certain product
and policy attributes in common.
22
The Company follows the contribution principle when
setting the policyholder dividend scale. This means the
amount distributed as policyholder dividends is divided
among dividend classes in proportion to the amount that
those classes are considered to have contributed to the
participating account earnings. A contribution to earnings
will be made from a particular dividend class to the extent
the experience for that particular class is different from
the assumptions used when pricing that class of policies.
When applying the contribution principle, attention is
paid to achieving reasonable equity between dividend
classes and between generations of policies within a
dividend class, taking into account practical considerations
and limits, legal and regulatory requirements, professional
guidelines and industry practices. For certain blocks
of policies, the policyholder dividend scale may be
determined using methods designed to approximate the
contribution to earnings of those blocks.
The policyholder dividends are credited according to the
terms of each policy. A change made by a policyholder
to a policy after it’s issued may, in some cases, result in a
change to the policy’s dividend class and thus a change to
the amount of policyholder dividends credited thereafter.
Termination dividends are not payable under any
participating policies issued by the Company.
Prior to the declaration of policyholder dividends by the
board, the Appointed Actuary reports to the board of
directors with their opinion on the fairness to participating
policyholders of the proposed policyholder dividends and
on their compliance with this policy, applicable legislative
and regulatory requirements and applicable professional
practice standards. Policy illustrations will reflect changes
to the policyholder dividend scale as soon as practical.
Approved by The Great-West Life Assurance
Company Board of Directors on Nov. 5, 2014,
and effective that day.
Great-West Life participating life insurance | 2015 Financial facts
Great-West Life participating life insurance | 2015 Financial facts
23
A CCOUNTABILIT Y • ST RENGTH • P E R F O R MANC E
FSC–FPO
Great-West Life and the key design are trademarks of The Great-West Life Assurance Company.
41-4032-5/16