Download Science 10

Science 10
Unit C 3.1 staring p.296
Daily worksheet assignment
Name: __________________
C 3.1 Cells, Tissues, and Systems
Q1) There are advantages and disadvantages to having a large structure that depends on
countless single cells. Summarize the ideas presented on p. 297 in the following table:
Multicelular
Single-celled
Advantage
Disadvantage
Advantage
Disadvantage
Division of
Labour
Size:
Interdependence
of cells
Plant Structure
Plants are ______________ organisms. As plants __________ and increase in _______, cell
begin to have _______________ functions. Groups of ________ performing the same function
together are called _________. Tissues contributing to the same _____________ form ________
which are part of a _________. The plant has two organ systems. The _______________ is
everything that is ________ ground. It also includes ____________ ,which are swollen
________ that store food, even though they are under ground. The ________________ is
everything _________, but also includes ____________ even though they are above ground.
Cells divide for ___________ of new tissue and __________ of damaged tissue.
________ is the process of cell division that allows both of these to occur. Cell division does not
occur at the same _______ throughout the organism. Areas of intense growth in plants are called
___________. Different ___________ produce root or shoot tissue.
Q2) List some ativities that plant tissue needs to be able to carry out: ____________________
________________________________________________________________________
____________ tissue or epidermis is the __________ layer of cells that covers all
_____________ plants. This tissue is usually _______ cell thick and is responsible for the
exchange of __________ and __________ into and out of the plant. In woody plants this tissue is
replaced by _________ and __________ during secondary growth. Dermal tissue of the shoot
system organs is primarily involve in __________ exchange. It also protects the plant from
_________. Cells of the leaves and stem secrete a waxy substance called _________ that resist
attack from ____________ and also help reduce _________________.
____________ tissue makes up the majority of the plant and is found as a layer ________
the epidermis.
Q3) List the important functions ground tissue carries out:
In stems: _________________________________________________________________
In roots: __________________________________________________________________
The cells of ground tissue are _____________ packed together and the ______ spaces allow
gases to diffuse rapidly.
____________ tissue is responsible for the ___________ of materials throughout the
plant. ____________ tissue moves ___________ and dissolved minerals _____ the roots up the
stem to the ___________ where these are used in ____________________. Xylem vessels are
thick-walled tubes. the thickening is a result of ______________ and possibly ___________
being deposited. During Xylem development, the cylindrical cells fuse together and the walls at
each end become _____________. As a result these cells ____________, leaving the non-living
cell walls attached together like a long ___________.
_____________ tissue transports _____________ and other dissolved sugars from the
__________ to other parts of the plant. The phloem is formed from individual long __________
cells, which have ____________ end walls, through which the ____________ extends. The sieve
tube cells remain __________, but lose their _________ (did you know our blood cells do the
same thing?!) In many plants, these cells are connected to small, nucleated _________________
that appear to direct their activities.
Q4) Where does cellulose come from? _____________________________________________
Q5) How is cellulose used by plants? ______________________________________________
Transported sugars may also be stored as ____ in the ___________, ___________ or ________.
Specialization in Plant Cells
Cells that are no longer part of the _________________ show the characteristics of only certain
parts of their __________________. Cells that become part of the root system are responsible for
the _____________ of water and minerals. These cells may produce projections of __________
which ____________ the surface area for absorption. Dermal cells produce __________ to
protect the cells from water loss. _______________ on the lower epidermal surface of leaves
form tiny pores called ___________ for gas exchange. Cells that become part of the xylem
specialize to be able to conduct _________.
C3.2 The Leaf and Photosynthesis
The leaf is a collection of __________ whose main purpose is to carry out _______________.
The Chloroplast: A Unique Plant Organelle
Chloroplast organelles contain the green pigment ______________ which helps in carrying out
photosynthesis. This is a chemical process in which _____________ from the air and _________
from the soil, in the presence of _______________, produce ____________ and ___________.
______________ + _______________ -------------------------------Æ _______________ + _______________
Q1) Which molecule does the plant use to store the energy from light? __________________.
Movement of chloroplasts in the cytoplasm is called _______________________, and is a
mechanism that circulates materials and speeds up their ______________ within the cell.
Gas Production in Plants
We’ve just reviewed one important reaction a plant must undertake; now for the plant to use this
energy it’s stored up, a second reaction is needed. This process is called ___________________.
This processes begins in the cytoplasm, but ends in the _______________ by way of a series of
reactions that release ____________ and produce _____________ and _____________.
______________ + _______________ -------------------------------Æ _______________ + _______________
Cellular respiration is also carried out in animal cells to provide energy. However, plant tissues
___________ at a much _____________ rate than animal tissues, and the CO2 produced is not as
obvious during the day since ___________________ will use it up. In the __________
photosynthesis cannot take place, and the CO2 from cellular respiration is ______________.
Experiments to investigate gas production in organisms under various conditions may
focus on the ________________ of the product or on the _________________ of the reactants.
Science 10
Unit C 3.3 staring p.309
Daily worksheet assignment
Name: __________________
C3.3 The Leaf Tissues and Gas Exchange
Air can enter cells by ________________. However, it would take a long time to get the needed
volume of air. To solve this, the leaves have specialized _________ to maximize its exchange.
Dermal Tissue
___________ cells form tiny openings or pores called ____________. These regulate the
movement of gases. The direction of movement depends on the gasses ____________________.
The majority of the _____________ are found in the ___________ epidermis.
The guard cells are __________ bean-shaped and, depending on conditions, swell up to
_________ the stomata, or shrink away so that the stomata are __________. Light striking the
leaf stimulates the guard cells to accumulate ______________ ions by active transport. As a
result, the solute concentration increases and water follows by _____________. This causes the
guard cells to swell up under increased _________ pressure. Since the outer walls are ________
than the inner walls, the cell will bulge ___________ and be drawn into a crescent shape.
Guard cells also help prevent too much water loss. All gasses must ____________ in a
film of water on the outside of cells, in order to pass through the cell membrane. As a result, the
plants continually lose water. If water is not readily available, the guard cells become _______
and _________ the stomata. The process of water leaving the leaf is called ________________.
Q1) How have plants adapted in hot arid areas? How have they adapted in humid areas?
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
Ground Tissue
Between the upper and lower epidermis of the leave are specialized ground tissues called
_______________. There are two different types of this tissues. The ____________ tissue cells
are found just __________ the upper epidermis. These cells are responsible for ______________
so there are many ________________ in this layer of tissue. Between the ____________ tissue
and the lower epidermis are loosely packed cells called the ________________ mesophyll tissue.
The increase space allows for ___________ by diffusion throughout the leaf. These cells will
move _____________ toward the stomata for expulsion and ________________ toward the
palisade cells for ____________________.
Vascular Tissue
The vascular tissue provides the leaf with the ____________ needed for transpiration and for
Photosynthesis, and also removes the ___________ formed by this. In the leaf ribs, called
__________, there are bundles of xylem and phloem. The __________ transports water, while
the ____________ transports sugar. _____________ bundles in the leaves are direct extensions
of the vascular bundles of the stem.
Gas Exchange in Plants
In plants, all gas exchange occurs by ______________. In the leaf, the _______, regulated by
guard cells, allow for more efficient intake of gases. Diffusion of ____________ out of the leaf is
also maximized by the ________________ in the ground tissue.
The leaf is not the only place where exchange occurs. In herbaceous plants there may
appear blisters or slashes on the __________________ or on mature ____________. These pores
are called _____________ and provide a pathway for __________________.