Download Cell Division - District 196 e

Cell Division:Mitosis versus Meiosis
Name:__________Period___
Working in pairs, obtain a set of eight paper clips from the instructor - 2 large & 2 small silver pair plus two pair each of
colored large and small. These paper clips represent the chromosomes of the cell. Refer to chapter 10 and 11 in your biology
book to see diagrams of mitosis and meiosis. Note: please do not use a tin snips and a soldering gun to show crossing over.☺
Overview: Fill in the blank to properly complete the statement.
1.
The two ways cells reproduce within living things are sexually and __________________________.
2. Mitosis (& cytokinesis) &/or simple binary fission are processes one organism would use during
_________________ reproduction while meiosis and fertilization are processes two organisms would use
to perform ______________ reproduction.
3. The two phases of the cell cycle are the M phase and ______________________________phase.
4. Replication of the chromosomes (DNA) occurs during ______________________________phase.
5. Replication produces two identical copies of a chromosome which are called sister _______________.
6. In mitosis, the dividing nuclei produces _____ daughter cells, each with ______________________
number of chromosomes compared to the parent cell.
7. In meiosis, the dividing nuclei produces _____ daughter cells, each with ______________________
number of chromosomes compared to the parent cell.
Mitosis:
A.
B.
B.
Step 1: Using the eight paper clips (4 pair), place one representative from each pair in the above circle A. Each
paper clip represents a chromosome, the circle represents the cell (or maybe just the nucleus).
Step 2: Using the remaining paper clips, replicate the “chromosomes”. Each chromosome should now be composed of
two sister chromatids. (make x’s as shown by the teacher).
Step 3: In circle A., line up the paper clips to show metaphase. Proceed towards anaphase and telophase by dividing
the “chromosomes” equally into the two circles labeled B.
8. After DNA/chromosome replication occurred, what happened to the amount of genetic material?
9. How does one sister chromatid compare to the other sister chromatid?
10. How do the “chromosomes” in both B cells compare to the number and kind of “chromosomes” in cell A, the
parent cell?
11. How do the “chromosomes” in each B cell compare to each other with respect to the number and kind of
“chromosomes”? What name is used to describe the two new B cells produced during mitotic cell division?
12. Define replication:
Questions
13. For what purpose do unicellular organisms use asexual reproduction (mitosis & cytokinesis/ or binary
fission)?
14. List 2 -3 different purposes for which multicellular organisms would use asexual reproduction (mitosis &
cytokinesis/ or binary fission).
15. In terms of function, why is it important that the daughter cells are genetically identical to the parent
cell?
Meiosis: ( use diagram on the back page)
Step 1: Using the eight paper clips, place one representative from each pair in circle A. Each paper clip
represents a chromosome, the circle represents the cell (or nucleus).
Step 2: Using the remaining paper clips, replicate the “chromosomes”. Each chromosomes should now be
composed of two sister chromatids.
Step 3: In circle A., line up the paper clips to show metaphase I (Remember, homologous chromosomes pair up
side-by-side). Divide the homologous chromosomes equally into the two circles labeled B.
The cell has now gone through Meiosis I.
16. Define homologous chromosomes.
17. What happens to homologous chromosomes in Meiosis I?
18. How does the number and kind of chromosomes in the two B cells compare to cell A, following step 2?
Step 4: In the two circles labeled B, line up the paper clips (resulting from meiosis I) to show metaphase II.
Divide the “chromosomes” equally into the four circles labeled C.
The cell has now gone through Meiosis II and so it has completed Meiosis. Answer the questions below.
19. How many “chromosomes” does each C. circle have? How does this compare to the original number and kind
of “chromosomes” that were in circle A?
20. How many different combinations of “chromosomes” are there in the four C circles following one meiotic
division? Describe the chromosome/paper clip make up of each daughter cell (ex: large colored, small
silver).
21. How many different, possible combinations of “chromosomes” can there be in the four C. circles from all
possible meiotic divisions? List the different, possible chromosome/paper clip combinations resulting from
all possible meiotic divisions.
Review Questions:
22. The process of meiosis results in the production of
___________the number of chromosomes of the parent cell.
daughter cells that have
23. What is the process called that unites sex cells (chromosomes) of two parents to produce offspring?
24. What is the name of the special reproductive cells that combine during sexual reproduction?
25. What term applies to a cell with two complete sets of chromosomes?
26. What term applies to a cell with only one complete set of chromosomes?
27. Which term, diploid or haploid, best describes the cells represented by the four, C. circles?
28. What event between two sex cells has to occur in order to reestablish the gametes as diploid cells? What
is the name of the cell that results from this event?
29. The body cells of the new organism develop from the zygote to grow and repair through what type of
cellular reproduction?
30. Species that reproduce sexually are very diverse. There are several processes that occur within and
between two organisms attempting sexual reproduction that aid in this diversity. List as many as you can.
31. If you have 2 homologous pairs of chromosomes, you get how many different combinations of gametes?
Hint: (22) where the base number 2 is the number of chromosomes in a homologous pair and the exponent is
the number of chromosome pairs in a cell prior to meiosis.
32. If you have 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes, how many different combinations of sex cells could you
produce? (assume no crossing over)
33. If you were to fertilize all those different combinations from one individual couple, how many different
kinds of kids could they produce? (assume no crossing over)
C.
B.
C.
A
One arrangement
of chromosomes produces
one set of
of gametes
C.
B.
C.
C.
B.
A different arrangement of
chromosomes produces a different
set of gametes.
A
C.
C.
B.
C.