Download Key Unit 9 Study Guide

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Key Unit 9 Study Guide
1. Circle the correct responses.
Interaction
Helps Organism 1?
Helps Organism 2?
Mutualism
YES/NO/NO EFFECT
YES/NO/NO EFFECT
Commensalism
YES/NO/NO EFFECT
YES/NO/NO EFFECT
Parasitism
YES/NO/NO EFFECT
YES/NO/NO EFFECT
2. Match the term to its definition:
Predation
A. A relationship between organisms of different
D
species in which both benefit
Competition
B. A relationship between organisms of different
F
species in which one benefits, and the other is
unaffected
Cooperation
C. A relationship between organisms of different
E
species in which one benefits, and the other is
harmed
Mututalism
D. one animal eats another
A
C
B
Parasitism
Commensalism
E. Two different organisms or populations help
each other.
F. animals struggle for a limited resource (can be
within a species or between species)
3. Match the terms to its corresponding example.
Predation
A. In certain fields, horses and cows compete for
F
grass.
Competition
B. Plants give honeybees nectar, honeybees
A
pollinate plants
Cooperation
C. A tapeworm feeds on the food of a human, and
D
causes them to lose nutrients
Mututalism
D. Zebra stand together in a herd to make it
B
difficult for a lion to pick one out.
Parasitism
E. Barnacles get transportation and living space
C
from a whale, but give nothing back to the
whale
Commensalism
F. lions and zebras
E
4. The niche of an organism is the place in which it lives, and the role that it plays in
its environment. Explain the niche of a honeybee in its environment AND what
would happen if all the bees died:
The honeybee collects nectar from flowers to take back to the hive for food. It
pollinates flowers because pollen is collected on its legs and deposited onto a
different plant. In this way, bees help plants reproduce. Honey bees have many
predators including birds and small mammals. Bears are known to destroy hives
in order to eat the honey. If all the bees died, plants would have difficulty
reproducing and would decrease in number, there would be no natural honey.
Organisms that rely on bees for food would decrease in number or have to find
new prey.
5. Define Invasive Species, give an example, explain why they are harmful, & what
can be done.
An invasive species is an organism that is not native to an ecosystem. Examples
of invasive species include the Chinese mitten crab, rusty crayfish and zebra
mussels. These invasive species cause harm to the ecosystem because it has no
natural predators. Its population grows out of control and it outcompetes native
species. This causes an imbalance in the ecosystem. To help eliminate invasive
species, citizens can report invasive species to the proper authorities and avoid
bringing invasive species into new ecosystems. This includes not purchasing
illegal organisms and bringing them home.
6. What is the difference between a food chain and a food web?
A food chain is a linear relationship between a producer in a community and all
consumers. A food web is a combination of all related food chains in an
ecosystem.
7. What is a producer?
A producer performs photosynthesis to get energy.
8. What is a consumer?
A consumer must eat other organisms to obtain energy.
9. What is a decomposer?
A decomposer breaks down dead organic matter to get energy.
10. Define: Primary Consumer, Secondary Consumer, Tertiary Consumer, and
Quaternary Consumer.
Primary consumers eat plants, secondary consumers eat primary consumers,
tertiary consumers eat secondary consumers, and quaternary consumers eat
tertiary consumers. Some organisms may be in two or more trophic levels.
11. Look at the energy pyramid in your Notes packet (page 93). Why is there so
much energy loss from one energy level to the one above it? What happens to
the energy that does not transfer to the next level?
Each trophic level only gets a small amount of energy and must use most of it for
life processes. The energy is used for performing photosynthesis and cellular
respiration, movement, cellular processes, etc. Each organism only has a little
energy left to pass on to the next trophic level.
12. Think about the ecosystem lab we did in class (with the beans). Why could an
ecosystem of 2000 plants only support 200 grasshoppers?
Any more grasshoppers would mean that there wouldn’t be enough grass for
every grasshopper to survive.
13. Why could that same ecosystem only support 1 or 2 hawks?
Any more hawks would mean that the hawks would not have enough prey to
survive.
14. Use the following organisms to show the correct trophic levels from sun to the
final consumer. (heron (large bird), Bermuda grass, slug, frog, sun, snake)
Sun, Bermuda grass, slug, frog, snake, heron
15. Inside the energy pyramid, write the correct trophic level in each section. Be
sure to begin with producers. On the left, write the percentage of energy
passed from one level to another. Remember that the sun has 100% of the
energy and about 90% is lost at each transition. On the right side of the pyramid,
write the number of kilocalories (kCal) at each level. Note that about 90% is lost
during each transition.
0.01
100%
0.1
1%
10
Tertiary 10
Consumer
Carnivore
Secondar
y
Primary
Consumer
b
Producer
100 kCal
1000kC
16. Use your notes (pages 97-98) to label the blanks in the Carbon and Nitrogen
Cycle.
Carbon dioxide in the air
Photosynthesis
Combustion
Respiration
Death and
decomposition
Fossil Fuels
Nitrogen in the air
Lightning
Animals get
nitrogen by
consuming
plants
Decomposers
break down
dead organisms
and put nitrogen
back into the
soil and air
Animals and humans use
poop/fertilizer to put
nitrogen back into the
soil
17.
What is eutrophication?
Sudden increase of nutrients in the ecosystem
18. What are the long-term effects of eutrophication?
Algal blooms, dead zone and ecosystem collapse
19. Snakes and Skinks both eat the same prey.
Based on the information in the table, the two
species are competing the most for which type
of prey?
a. Flies
b. Bees
c. Wasps
d. Lizards
Prey
Bees
Flies
Lizards
Wasps
Population
Increased
No Change
Decreased
Increased
Use the graph to answer the questions.
20. During what years did the population experience exponential growth?
1825-1850
21. The population reached its overshoot (highest point) in 1850. What was the
population at that time? approximately 1.8 million
22. What is the carrying capacity for this population? approximately 1.6 million
Use the graph to answer the questions.
23. During years 10-15, the rabbit population was extremely low. Which statement
can be assumed about the fox population in years 10-15?
a. The foxes were not hunting any rabbits.
b. The fox population fell to a record low.
c. The fox population lost all shelter.
d. The fox population had to look for alternate prey.
24. Using the graph, an increase in predators most likely results in –
a. An attack on predators.
b. No change in the prey population.
c. A decrease in the prey population.
d. An increase in the prey population.