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3282911.notebook 3/28(A) & 3/29(B) March 25, 2011 pg.8a Faults, Volcanoes, and Earthquakes Objective: Students will diagram faults, waves and volcanoes in relation to the plates in the Earth. Due today: 3.3 Study Guide Warm-Up: Skim pages 120B-127B to answer the following questions. 1. How is an earthquake magnitude scale related to the amounts of energy released by earthquakes? 2. What are the major dangers to people from an earthquake? 3. Name three methods of improving a building's safety before an earthquake. 4. If you lived in an area where earthquakes were common, what could you do to make your room safer? Mar 184:13 PM Classwork: 1. WarmUp/Discuss 2. Introduce Earthquake Proof Building Project 3. Discuss 3.3 Notes 4. Yellowstone Power Point 5. Chapter 4 & 5 Questions Mar 184:20 PM • The world's longest ridge, the ______________________ runs the length of the Atlantic Ocean. • Here the North and South American plates are moving away from the _______________ and ________________ plates. • The rift valley is 15 miles wide and 6 miles deep. Deeper than the ______________________. Sea Floor Rock and Magnetic Reversals • The Earth's geographic and magnetic poles are not in the same place. • Earth's magnetic poles ______________ places every so often. The North Pole becomes the _____________________ and the South Pole becomes the __________________. • The switch in direction is called a __________________________. • What causes these reversals? ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ • Does this cause the Earth's geographic poles to change place? _____ Oct 2011:03 AM Mar 184:15 PM 3.3 Notes: Plate Move Apart Tectonic Plates have different boundaries. Three types of boundaries are: 1. divergent boundaries = occur where plate move ___________ Where are most of these boundaries found? __________ 2. convergent boundaries (mountains/subduction) = occur where plates ____ _____________. 3. transform boundaries = occur where plates _________ past each other. The sea floor spreads apart at divergent boundaries. • ________ _______________ = a gap formed when ridges continue to widen (molten material rises to build ________________) Mid Ocean Ridges and Rift Valleys • mid ocean ridges are the ______________ chain of mountains on Earth • most contain a ____ _____________ along their center • Rift Valleys form as plates move ______________ • Rising magma fills the crack, and the rock cools. • As more magma flows into the crack, the rock splits, is pushed aside and produces ___________ on either side of the rift valley. Oct 2010:54 AM • Scientists found that each magnetic reversal is recorded in the __________________________. • As molten material rises and cools, some magnetic minerals ________________ with the Earth's magnetic field. • When the material hardens, these minerals are fixed in place like tiny ________________ pointing north and south. • Whenever the magnetic field changes, the cooling minerals _____________ the change. • The records of _______________________ line up like stripes in the rock. • The records are the _________ on either side of the ridge. • The oldest rock record reversals happened more than ___________ years ago. Diagram: Oct 2011:07 AM 1 3282911.notebook Continents split apart at divergent boundaries. • Like the sea floor, continents also spread apart at a __________________________. • The boundary begins to form when hot material rises up from deep in the ____________. • Heat causes the crust to bulge _____________. • The crust cracks as it _______________ and a __________ ______ forms. • Magma rises through the cracked, thinned crust forming _________________. • As the rift valley grows wider, the continent begins to _________________. • If the rift valley continues to widen, the thinned valley floor _______ lower until it is ___________ sea level. • Water from nearby oceans or rivers may fill the valley forming a ___________ or a ___________. Oct 2011:11 AM Chapters 4 & 5 1. Earthquakes occur along faults. Draw an example of each type of fault-normal, reverse and • strike-slip-Be sure to include arrows in your drawing. What type of fault is shown in the picture on page 132B (left • side of the page)? How do you know? 2. Draw and label the diagram on page 112B. 3. How do scientists locate an Earthquake? (pg.117B) 4. Why do most earthquakes occur at or near tectonic plate boundaries? 5. Most mountains form along plate boundaries. Draw a Venn diagram comparing and contrasting Folded Mountains with FaultBlock Mountains. 6. Where are most volcanoes located and why are they located there? 7. What is the relationship between volcanoes and subduction zones in the Ring of Fire? 8. Name and describe the materials that come out of a volanco? Mar 192:14 PM March 25, 2011 Hot Spots can be used to track plate movements. • Hot spots = heated rock rises in plumes or thin columns from the _______________. • ______________ often develop above the plume (a stream of magma rising from the mantle) • hot spots generally stay in one place while the ____________________ above it keeps moving (hot spots offer a way to measure plate __________________) • if a plate stays in a hot spot long enough, the rock above it will _________________ • in time, a volcano will form at the surface of the plate Oct 2011:16 AM Homework: • Finish Chapter 4 & 5 Review Questions at home. Mar 192:10 PM 2 Attachments 08.Earthquakes_and_Earths_Interior.ppt