Download Chapter 25, The Cold War Begins (1945

Chapter 25, The Cold War Begins (1945-1953)
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1. World events in the late summer and fall of 1949 caused
a. the British and Americans to begin the Berlin Airlift.
b. representatives of 50 nations to form the United Nations.
c. the second Red Scare.
d. five nations to form the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
2. Which of the following was the sequence in which tests of the policy of containment occurred?
a. the Korean War, followed by economic aid to Greece, followed by the Berlin Crisis, followed by
economic aid to Turkey
b. economic aid to Greece and Turkey, followed by the Berlin Crisis, followed by the Korean War
c. economic aid to Turkey, followed by economic aid to Greece, followed by the Korean War and the
Berlin Crisis
d. economic aid to Greece and Turkey, followed by the Korean War, followed by the Berlin Crisis
Cause
the Marshall Plan
Effect
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3. Which of the following best completes the diagram?
a. the Berlin Airlift began and Western Europe emerged from a recession
b. the U.S. economy grew and Western Europe became more closely allied with the United States
c. the Cold War began and an Iron Curtain descended across Europe
d. the United States alienated some Western European countries but defeated the communist
governments of Greece and Turkey
4. Which of the following events helped fuel the second Red Scare?
a. Chiang Kai-shek’s takeover of China
b. the formation of the House Un-American Activities Committee
c. Soviet detonation of an atomic bomb
d. the passage of the Smith Act
5. Why was the conflict in Korea called a police action?
a. The United States sent police officers to keep the peace.
b. The United Nations did not have the power to declare war.
c. South Korea did not have a military.
d. The United States never officially declared war.
6. U.S. actions in China after World War II demonstrated that the United States
a. was willing to support corrupt governments in order to stop the spread of communism.
b. had poor intelligence from China.
c. was not concerned with the spread of communism in Asia.
d. was committed to enforcing disarmament treaties.
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7. Which of the following is the most likely reason Kim Il Sung chose to invade South Korea in June 1950?
a. The Chinese had just pledged their support for the invasion.
b. American troops had recently withdrawn from South Korea.
c. Winter weather would make it difficult for the United States to transport soldiers to the country.
d. The Soviet Union had recently pledged their support for the invasion.
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8. Why did President Truman fire General Douglas MacArthur?
a. MacArthur made public statements challenging the authority of the president.
b. MacArthur refused to expand the fighting into China.
c. MacArthur welcomed the Chinese government to Korea.
d. MacArthur was a war hero from World War II.
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9. What did HUAC investigate in the 1950s?
a. domestic Communist threats
b. the possibility of creating a worldwide currency
c. Chiang Kai-shek’s government
d. President Truman’s firing of General Douglas MacArthur
____ 10. What kept the U.S. economy strong after World War II?
a. The demand for military supplies dropped sharply.
b. The government controlled industrial production after the war.
c. The demand for consumer goods rose sharply after the war.
d. Labor unrest escalated.
____ 11. The staggering number of casualties in the final two months of the Korean War showed that
a. the UN forces were inferior to the Communist forces.
b. both sides were willing to lose many soldiers to gain a small amount of territory.
c. both sides protected civilian lives.
d. President Truman had been right to fire General MacArthur.
____ 12. Why did the United States not share the plan to develop the atomic bomb with the Soviet Union during World
War II?
a. The Soviet Union already had an atomic bomb.
b. The United States did not trust the Soviet Union.
c. The Allies would have been against its development on moral grounds.
d. Scientists were unsure if they would be successful.
____ 13. Why was Joseph McCarthy able to wage a successful anti-Communist campaign?
a. He provided evidence to back up his accusations.
b. Americans were looking for someone to blame for recent Communist victories.
c. Truman appointed him to head an anti-Communist task force.
d. He was an honest and trustworthy senator.
____ 14. Why did the United States and Britain begin the Berlin airlift?
a. to prevent all of Germany from becoming Communist
b. to prevent all of Berlin from becoming Communist
c. to rescue Allied troops trapped in Berlin
d. to implement the Marshall Plan
____ 15. How might a member of Congress in 1950 have defended the passage of the McCarran Act?
a. Military buildup is necessary to protect against the Communist threat.
b. Freedom of speech should be protected at all costs.
c. It makes sense to punish people for their thoughts before they act on them.
d. Some infringement on individual rights is necessary to protect the nation.
____ 16. Why was the United States able to implement the Marshall Plan after World War II?
a. The country did not suffer the economic devastation that European countries faced.
b. The country had received aid throughout the war from Britain and France.
c. The country had taken control of profitable German industries.
d. The U.S. military suffered few losses during the war.
Causes
Soviet test of an atomic bomb
Communist takeover of China
Effect
____ 17. Which of the following effects best completes the chart above?
a. the Marshall Plan
b. the Red Scare
c. Truman’s re-election
d. passage of the Smith Act
____ 18. The problem with Truman’s Fair Deal was that it
a. included too many New Deal programs.
b. focused on a federal health insurance program and new funding for education.
c. did not receive support in Congress.
d. drew the nation’s attention away from Korea.
____ 19. Why was the United States willing to send hundreds of millions of dollars in aid to Greece and Turkey in
1947?
a. Communists had recently taken control of China.
b. Policymakers believed communism should be attacked wherever it existed.
c. Policymakers believed the aid would help these countries resist Soviet pressure.
d. If Communists took control of those countries, supplies would have to be airlifted to Berlin.
____ 20. What effect did Churchill’s Iron Curtain speech have on the tensions of the Cold War?
a. It heightened tensions because Stalin used the speech as an excuse to spend Soviet resources on
rebuilding the military.
b. It heightened tensions because Churchill advocated continuing the Manhattan Project.
c. It reduced the possibility of war because an Iron Curtain separated Eastern and Western Europe.
d. It reduced the possibility of war because Stalin backed down in the face of this British criticism.
Matching
In the space provided, write the letter of the term or person that matches each description. Some answer will
not be used.
a. Kim Il Sung
h. Fair Deal
b. House Un-American Activities Committee
i. Thomas Dewey
c. Berlin Airlift
j. Chiang Kai-shek
d. Ethel Rosenberg
k. police action
e. Iron Curtain
l. Cold War
f. Mao Zedong
m. Syngman Rhee
g. The Marshall Plan
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21.
22.
23.
24.
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25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
Symbolic representation of a sharp division in Europe
Executed for spying
President of South Korea’s Republic of Korea
Program based on the belief that economic prosperity would foster free and democratic governments.
Rebuilding Europe.
Led the Chinese Communists
Era of high tension between the world’s superpowers
Invaded South Korea in June 1950
Plan that provided crucial supplies to British, French, and U.S. occupied zones when cut off by Soviets
Group focused on the threat of communism in the United States
President Truman’s plan for America
In the space provided, write the letter of the term or person that matches each description. Some answer will
not be used.
a. Alger Hiss
h. North Atlantic Treaty Organization
b. baby boom
i. GI Bill
c. Hollywood Ten
j. Winston Churchill
d. World Bank
k. baby boom
e. Inchon
l. Berlin Airlift
f. Executive Order 9981
m. containment
g. Douglas MacArthur
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31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
Site of a risky assault by UN forces in Korea
Ended segregation in the Armed Forces
A military alliance formed in 1948
Helped veterans to make a successful return to civilian life
foreign policy aimed at stopping the spread of communism.
Coined the term Iron Curtain
group that was thought to be radical communists, called before HUAC.
Recommended using atomic weapons in the Korean War
helps poor countries build their economies by providing grants and loans.
a dramatic rise in the birth rate in America following WWII.