Download The Cold War 1945-1991

The Cold War 19451991
What was the Cold War?
• Cold War was a time
of conflict between
the United States
and the Soviet
Union
• It was called “Cold”
because there was
no actual battles
between the two
superpowers.
•
•
•
YALTA (in the USSR)
Date: Feb 1945
Present: Churchill,
Roosevelt and Stalin
Discussed
Germany’s terms
of surrender
Split Germany
into 4 zones
Discussed war
trials
•
•
POTSDAM (Germany)
Date: July 1945
Present: Churchill,
Truman and Stalin
Finalized plans
from Yalta
conference
Transferred
power to Allied
Power generals
Iron Curtain –
A term used by
Winston Churchill
to describe the
separating of
Those communist
lands of East
Europe from the
West.
Improve your knowledge
• The Russians took very high casualties to
capture Berlin in May 1945. They spent the
early occupation trying to take over all zones
of the city but were stopped by German
democrats such as Willy Brandt and Konrad
Adenauer. Reluctantly the Russians had to
admit the Americans, French and British to
their respective zones.
• Divided East and West
Berlin
• Became a symbol of the
Cold War
US Foreign Policy
Containment: The
Policy of preventing
The spread of
communism
Provided
aid to
help rebuild
Europe
ke
st
Truman
Doctrine
Marshall
Plan
What were the Soviets doing?
The Same Thing!!!!
What are
Truman’s
options?
Berlin Blockade
• Stalin blocked off all
roads, railways and
rivers connecting
Berlin and West
Germany
Berlin Airlift!!!
• Over 5,000 supplies
Were carried into West
Berlin.
• Lasted almost a year
• May 1949, Stalin
lifted the blockade
Communist China
• 1949 Mao Zedong set up the
People’s Republic of China
Deadliest
dictator
in
history
• Between China and Soviet Union,
almost ¼ of Earth’s surface was
communist
1949: Soviets
test their
own atomic
weapon
Cold War Alliances
North Atlantic Treaty
Organization(NATO)
• Alliance with the United
States
• Prevent the spread of
communism and spread
ideals of democracy
Warsaw Pact
• Alliance with the Soviet
Union
• Promote and spread the
ideals of communism
Korean War
• After WWII, Korea is
divided at the 38th
parallel
• North Korea
controlled by
Communist
government
• June 1950, North
Koreans cross the 38th
parallel.
• Truman asks UN to step
in
• U.N. troops (made up of
90% Americans)
defend South Korea
• Under General
MacArthur, UN able to
push North Koreans
back…but is this enough?
• MacArthur wanted to
punish North Koreans
for their aggression
and pushed troops up
through North Korea.
• Who is this going to
upset?
Commander
In
Chief!!!
Truman vs. MacArthur
• MacArthur wanted to
invade China
• Truman feared this
would start another
World war
• MacArthur spoke out
against Truman and
is later “fired”
• What role of the
President allows this?
Cease Fire
• Under President
Eisenhower a ceasefire was signed in July
1953.
• 54,000 Americans die
• Billions of Dollars
spent
• North and South
Korea would remain
divided at 38th parallel
THE COST IN HUMAN LIFE
Casualties in the Korean War
4,500
30,000
NK & Chinese soldiers
and civilians
70,000
SK civilians
500,000
SK soldiers
780,000
USA soldiers
Other UN soldiers
US & North Korean Relations
• North Korea still remains threat today
• April 13th, 2012: Rocket launch deemed a huge failure for new
dictator Kim Jong-un
• Has one of the world’s largest standing armies, but relies on outside
sources to feed its people
• 2010: North Korea shelled a South Korean island, killing civilians
• DMZ considered “Scariest place on Earth” but still attracts
approximately 6.5 million tourists a year
Kim Jong II
Fashion Icon or raging
lunatic?
Korean War Memorial
• The memorial includes 19 various statues that are over 7 feet tall.
• These statues commemorate the branches of the military and
include the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marines.
• They also include most ethnicities such as African American,
Caucasian, Native American, Hispanic, and Asian.
• The southern area of the memorial is lined with rows of Rose of
Sharon hibiscus plants because this is the national flower of South
Korea.
• Representing the difficult terrain that the soldiers encountered are
the juniper bushes and representing the many obstacles that the
soldiers had to conquer are the granite stripes.
Struggle over Countries
• US and Soviet Union
struggled over nations
of Africa, Asia and
Latin America
• Both the Soviets and
the US gave aid to
these nations, hoping
to influence them
Philippines
• Philippines granted
independence on July
4, 1946
• Communist rebels
attempted to gain
power, but were
defeated
• In 1965, Ferdinand
Marcos became
President
India and Southeast Asia
• In 1947, India gained
independence from
Britain
• India divided into two
nations; India and
Pakistan
• Pakistan became an ally
of the US
• India remained neutral
but accepted money from
both superpowers
African Nations
• More than 30 nations
gained independence
in the 50’s and 60’s
• US and Soviet Union
competed for allies,
providing economic
and military support
• Superpowers fueled
many civil wars in
Africa
Latin America
• Throughout the Cold
War, American
Presidents supported
dictators because
they were anticommunist
• Latin America were
angry with the US for
using the “Big Stick
Policy”
Domino Theory
• The idea that if one country in Southeast
Asia falls to communism, neighboring
nations will too.