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Download Reproduction - Sexual and Asexual
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REPRODUCTION Types of Plant Reproductions: 1. Spore 2. Sexual Reproduction - (Involves 2 parents) 3. Asexual Reproduction - (Involves 1 parent) 4. Propagation Spore : (To reproduce, seedless vascular plants make spores.) – A single cell that can grow into a new organism.$ • A spore holds only half the beginning of a complete new plant inside it.$ • A spore then falls off a plant and germinates.$ • A male plant must fertilize a female plant to produce. Ex.) Ferns Sexual Reproduction vs. Asexual Reproduction Sexual Reproduction takes place when a male sex cell fertilizes a female sex cell. The young have characteristics of both parents. $ ! In asexual reproduction, there is no cell fertilization. Asexual reproduction involves only one parent. Young produced by asexual reproduction are identical to their parent. Asexual Reproduction Some kinds of plants can grow from a part of a parent plant.$ ! Examples: $ A new potato plant can grow from an “eye” of a potato. The eye of a potato is a bud. The bud grows into a new stem, leaf, or flower and also forms “runners” to reproduce new plants. Some plants, send out runners to form new plants. A runner is a kind of stem that grows sideways. Buds form along the runner and grow into new plants. Gymnosperm Gymnosperm- A vascular plant that produces seeds, but not flowers or fruits. ** The seeds rest in berries or on woody structures called cones. $ ! ** Seeds are the results of sexual reproduction. Seeds contain plant embryos, the beginnings of new plants. $ ! Seeds provides protection and a source of food for the embryo. Gymnosperms There are 4 main groups of Gymnosperms. They produce seeds but do not produce flowers or fruit. Ginkgo Leaves Conifer forest in Northern$ California. Many conifers are$ Pine Trees. Gnetophyte Cyad Tree with old and new male cones. Angiosperms (For some plants, flowers are necessary for reproduction.) Angiosperm - A vascular plant that produces seeds from flowers. * *All Angiosperms contain flowers and seeds. The flowers:$ - make seeds and fruits to $ protect the seeds.$ - either or both have $ male and female organs $ within one flower. Fruiting Plant Life Cycle Vegetative Propagation • Seeds and spores are just two ways in which a new plant may form. $ • In some species, part of the plant’s stem or root system might develop into a whole new plant.$ • This form of reproduction is called Vegetative Propagation. Vegetative Propagation ** (It only requires one parent organism) Vegetative reproduction from a stem cutting less than a week old Production of new individuals along a leaf margin of the air plant Plant Adaptations • Like other forms of life, plants have developed adaptations.$ • Adaptations - any part of characteristic that helps a species survive or reproduce. Adapted Part Purpose: Pine Trees Grows needle-like leaves Helps keep water in, allowing pines to survive in cool dry places Cactus Plant Thick stems and Spines Holds water in and spines keeps desert animals from stealing the water or eating the plant. Plant Life Cycle Adaptations • Annuals - Completes life cycle in a single year$ • Biennials - Life for 2 years$ • Perennials - Grow back every year without replanting