Download WWII

WWII
 So, what would you say ended the Great Depression?
 FDR’s New Deal?
 The country just recovered naturally?
 We borrowed the money from China?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Objoad6rG6U
WWII
 In Europe, WWII was under way.
 But why another war??? WWI had ended in 1918,
just about 20 years ago. What happened???
 What was the name of the treaty that ended WWI???
WWII
Nationalism
 The Treaty of Versailles ended WWI
and the Germans were not at all happy
about how much they were being punished for the
war.
 Some historians blame the harshness of the
treaty of Versailles for the creation of strong
German nationalism.
WWII
 The Germans had a man of great influence that came
into power around 1934.
 He was charismatic, a great orator and gave the
German people more pride that they have had in
many years.
 But how did a man like Adolf Hitler come to power
in Germany???
I’m glad you asked.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jFICRFKtAc4

WWII
 Totalitarianism- a political system where
the state recognizes no limits to its
authority and strives to regulate every
aspect of public and private life wherever
feasible.
 This is the type of government that Hitler wanted in
Germany.
WWII
 The Nazi party or Nazism was short for National
Socialist German Workers’ Party.
 This party was in power in Germany from 1933-1945.
 The Nazis called for the German abandonment of the
Treaty of Versailles and the expansion of German
territory.
 The party
focused on extreme
nationalism accompanied by antiSemitic rhetoric.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r496UPraKvk
WWII
 Fascism is a system of government
characterized by strict social and
economic control and a strong,
centralized government usually headed by a
dictator.
 Benito Mussolini was the leader of Italy leading up to
WWII.
 The difference between Hitler’s Nazis and
Mussolini’s Fascist is that Hitler based much of his
rhetoric behind racism.
http://www.biography.com/people/benito-mussolini9419443#synopsis
WWII
Axis Power Aggression
 The powers soon to be known as the Axis powers, were
gaining steam in Europe.
 Germany, Italy and Japan were all looking into becoming
world powers or “empires.”
 Their focus was to spread their influence worldwide.
 At the height of their power, the Axis
power aggression had led to Nazi
Germany, the Empire of Japan and
Fascist Italy having control of land or
territories in Europe, Africa, Asia, and
the Pacific Ocean.
WWII
 To help ease the tension between Germany and the rest
of Europe, the theory of appeasement was an unwritten
rule that was followed.
 Appeasement in this case was letting Germany get
away with some things that he really wasn’t supposed to
be doing. (ex: establishing a strong military)
 The policy of making concessions to
the dictatorial powers in order to
avoid conflict
 Hitler was not really looked at as a threat at first.
 Some thought he was a patriotic leader that was good for
Germany’s sense of national pride.
 Most people in Europe were still focused on the spread of
Communism.
WWII
 During the Munich
Conference, France
and Great Britain gave Germany the
rights to Czechoslovakia.
 The French and British did this to appease Hitler and
hopefully to avoid another World War.
 How do you think the people of Czechoslovakia were
feeling???
WWII
 The Non-Aggression Pact was the
Soviets (who were basically who?) and the
Germans coming together to form a
peace alliance.
 This was signed prior to the start of WWII.
 Some say that the reason for Hitler signing
this is to make sure he had a powerful ally
on his side.
EXIT TICKET
Which of the following best describes
an act of appeasement?
A. Benito Mussolini restricted the speech and press of Italy
B. Joseph Stalin executed political prisoners without trial
C. Adolf Hitler used propaganda to gain support in
Germany
D. Italy and Germany took over land without consequence
WWII
 U.S. Isolationism was in full effect during the
Great Depression.
 Many Americans thought we should stick to this theory
and stay out of foreign affairs while
focusing on domestic issues.
 But once again this theory was tested because of WWII.
WWII
 To help make sure the U.S. stayed out of the war,
Congress passed a series of laws called the
Neutrality Acts.
 These acts prohibited
 the sale of arms to belligerents in a war
 loans to belligerents (this included France and G.B.)
 U.S. citizens traveling to countries at war or travel on armed
ships
 The major
reason for the passing of
these laws was to keep the U.S. out
of WWII.
WWII
 Everyone in the world saw what was going on in Europe.
 FDR knew it was time to address the war and did so by
making his Four Freedoms Speech (1941).
 This speech was meant to let the U.S. citizens know that
we would not go down the same road as the Axis powers
and start denying basic human rights.
 To be exact, the speech addressed the following:
 The freedom of speech and expression
 The
freedom to worship God in his own way
 The freedom from want
 The freedom from fear
WWII
 By 1940, Great Britain was the only major country
still fighting the Axis powers.
 The outcome was looking grim for the Allies.
 The U.S. decided to sign the Lend-Lease
(1941) at this time.
Act
 This act still kept the U.S. out of the war militarily
but it enabled the country to provide
faltering countries (their allies) in Europe
different types of military aid.
 Opponents of the Act noted that this would bring the
U.S. closer to entering the war.
WWII
 So, there America was trying our hardest to stay out
of another European war.
 Then, on December 7, 1941 everything changed……

What happened???
http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/pearl-harbor
WWII
 The Empire of Japan
bombed the naval
base in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.
 More than 2,000 American military
personnel were killed in the attack
 The Japanese managed to destroy
 20 naval vessels
 8 battleships
 300 airplanes
 The next day, the U.S. declared war on Japan.
 But why Pearl Harbor??? Significance???
 http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/world-
war-ii-history/videos/america-enters-world-war-ii
WWII
 The support for the U.S. entrance into WWII was
strong among the U.S. government but the citizens of
the U.S. still needed some type of assurance their
lives would not be affected negatively.
 This is where the Office of War Mobilization and
the Office of Price Administration came into play.
WWII
 The goal of the Office
of War
Mobilization was to supervise the host of
defense agencies that had sprung up in D.C.
 Basically, they
set production priorities
and controlled raw materials.
WWII
 The office
of Price Administration
regulated almost every aspect of
civilians lives by freezing prices,
wages.
 And by Rationing such commodities as
meat, sugar, gasoline and
auto tires.
WWII
 The other way for the U.S. to finance the war without
going overboard with citizens was to use the concept
of deficit spending.
 This is the theory that a government
should cut taxes and increase
spending in order to stimulate investment and
consumption.
 People still needed to work!!!
EXIT TICKET
Which event best explains why the United States
entered World War II?
A. Germany attacked a US naval base in Hawaii
B. Italy attacked a US army base in North Africa
C. Japan attacked a US naval base in Hawaii
D. Great Britain was on the verge of economic collapse
WWII
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l14WDZCnz-w
(10min)
 To “win hearts and minds” the U.S. government used
PROPAGANDA to arouse citizen
interest in the war or to gain support
of the masses.
 Propaganda was used for other reasons as
well.
 Can anyone think of any other ways
propaganda was used???
WWII
 The U.S. were not the only country using propaganda
as a war tool.
 Germany used propaganda the same way the
Americans did.
 How do some posters use racism???
WWII
Japanese Propaganda
 The Japanese was not exempt from the propaganda
effort.
 So, what do we think of propaganda now???
 Do you think propaganda can be utilized today as it
was then???-----Stop and Jot
WWII
 We discussed earlier this week how the U.S.
government was trying to regulate different aspects
of American life.
 Pushing Americans to ration items and conserve.
 Well, they also wanted Americans to be careful of
what they said and who they said it to.
WWII
 Propaganda also focused on getting Americans
involved in Patriotic Activities.

A patriotic activity could include anything
that
supports the U.S. government during a
time of crisis.

In this case, anything that supports the war effort.
WWII
Rationing
 The Office of Price Administration set price limits
and ration food and other commodities in
order to discourage hoarding and ensure the
equitable distribution of scarce resources.
 Vouchers for coffee were introduced in November,
and by March of 1943, meat, cheese, fats, canned
fish, canned milk and other processed foods were
added to the list of rationed provisions.
WWII
 Another way for citizens to show their support for
America was to buy war bonds (they were initially
called defense bonds, then Japan bombed Pearl
Harbor).
 The purpose of War
bond drives was to
maximize the amount of money for
the war effort.
 The bonds were sold at less than face value (about
75%) so the government could use the extra money
toward the war.
 Why would buying war bonds be a sign of
patriotism???
WWII
 Victory gardens were another way for
Americans to show how patriotic they were.
 They were called victory gardens because the food
that was grown from these gardens were used as
an excess source of food that could be
rationed.
 Remember the concept of conservation!!! This was
another way to incorporate this concept.
WWII
 One of the most famous icons that came out of WWII
propaganda was Rosie the Riveter.
 Her purpose was to recruit female workers
for the munitions (weapons making)
industry. Factories & Industry Jobs
 American women played a pivotal role on the home front
during WWII.
 Without their contributions, life at home would have been a
lot different.
 How???
 http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/rosie-the-riveter
(3 Min)
WWII
 The Double V campaign was a slogan
and drive to promote the fight for
democracy abroad and within the U.S.
for African Americans during WWII.
 The campaign first appeared in the African-American
newspaper Pittsburgh Courier on Feb. 7th, 1942.
 Some African-Americans spoke up against the fact that they
were being racially discriminated against in the U.S. but
being asked to fight a war for that country.
 How to you see this situation???
WWII
 A. Philip Randolph organized the March on
Washington movement in 1941, which succeeded in
pressuring President Franklin D. Roosevelt to issue
Executive Order 8802 which banned
discrimination in defense industries.
 It was the first federal action, though not a law, to
promote equal opportunity and prohibit employment
discrimination in the U.S.
EXIT TICKET
The quote above is from Executive Order 8802.
Which issue was targeted by this executive order?
A. Women were not allowed to serve in the military
B. Employment in defense factories was denied to certain
races
C. Japanese Americans were interned in camps
D. The decision to build the atomic bomb
WWII
 Founded in 1942, the Congress of
Racial Equality (CORE) became one of
the leading activist organizations in
the early years of the American Civil
Rights Movement.
 They applied the principles of nonviolence as a tactic
against segregation.
WWII
 A. Philip Randolph was a trade
unionist and civil-rights leader who
was a dedicated and persistent leader
in the struggle for justice and parity
for the black American community.
 He supported the labor movement and the Bolshevik
revolution.
 http://www.biography.com/people/a-philip-randolph9451623/videos/a-philip-randolph-civil-rights-pioneer15036995821
(2 min)
WWII
 The Tuskegee airmen were the first black
servicemen to serve as military aviators
in the U.S. armed forces, flying with
distinction during WWII.
 The highly publicized successes of the Tuskegee Airmen
helped pave the way for the eventual integration of the
U.S. armed forces under President Harry Truman in
1948.
http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/tuskegeeairmen
WWII
 Native Americans served the country during WWII
by enlisting in the armed services and working in
thousands of factories across the U.S.
 The Navajo Code Talkers translated
U.S. code into the Native American
language so that enemy forces could
not decipher the content.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5r
Svm3m8ZUA
(3 min)
WWII
 Remember the concept of propaganda we spoke
about yesterday?
 Well, the Japanese were using it against us during
WWII.
 I don’t know if you remember, but the U.S. signed a
Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882.
 Even though the Japanese were not friends with the
Chinese, they were definitely reminding them of how
we set up these anti-immigration laws.
WWII
 So, in 1943 (how many years since 1882?) we
repealed the Chinese Exclusion Act in
1943.
 The purpose of this repeal was to
strengthen ties between China and the
U.S.
 We had come a long way since the exclusion
act.
What kind of impact did this
repeal have?
WWII
 Even Mexican-Americans could not escape
discrimination during WWII.
 The Zoot-Suit Riots of 1943 were a
series of conflicts that occurred in Los
Angeles between U.S. servicemen and
Mexican American youths.
WWII
 When WWII started, workers were needed in the
agricultural and service sectors of the U.S. to fill the
jobs vacated by those who were serving in the military.
 An agreement was reached with Mexico whereby
temporary workers from Mexico were brought into the
U.S.
 The influx of Mexican workers was not particularly
welcomed by white Americans.
WWII
 Restrictions on wool (rationing) had a direct effect
on the manufacture of wool suits and other clothing.
 There were regulations prohibiting the
manufacturing of zoot suits, but a network of bootleg
tailors continued to manufacture them.
 This exacerbated racial tensions, as Mexican
American youths were wearing the zoot suits were
seen as un-American because they were deliberately
ignoring the rationing regulations.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nDEfhS-r_68
(3 minutes)
WWII
Over 127,000 U.S. citizens were
imprisoned during WWII. What was
their crime????
WWII
 Answer: Being of Japanese ancestry.
 Despite the lack of any concrete evidence, Japanese
Americans were suspected of remaining loyal to their
ancestral land.
 Anti-Japanese paranoia increased because of a large
Japanese presence on the West Coast.
 Japanese Internment
 Succumbing to bad advice and popular opinion, FDR
signed an executive order in Feb., 1942 ordering the
relocation of all Americans of Japanese
ancestry to concentration camps in the
interior of the U.S.
WWII
 http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-
ii/japanese-american-relocation
(3 min)
WWII
 Fred Korematsu decided to test the government
relocation action in the courts.
 In Korematsu v. The Unite States, the
Supreme Court justified the executive
order as a wartime necessity.
 When the order was repealed, many found they
could not return to their hometowns.
 Hostility against the Japanese Americans remained
high across the West Coast.
 Was repealed in 1944.
EXIT TICKET
What was the major effect of the ruling in
Korematsu v. the United States?
A. The United States was allowed to racially segregate
African Americans and whites for safety
B. The United States was allowed to ban any migrant from
Germany from entering the country
C. The United States was allowed to increase the number of
soldiers selected in the draft
D. The United States was allowed to move Japanese
Americans into internment camps
WWII
 The Battle
of the Atlantic lasted well over 5
years during WWII (almost the entire war)!
 The battle consisted of mainly Germany (Italy was
involved as well) vs. Great Britain & the U.S. naval
warships.
 The significance
of the battle was on
supply lines provided by the Atlantic
Ocean.
 Stop & Jot: Why would naval imports be
so important to the British???
WWII
 Remember, Germany has a relatively small coastline.
 But, when France fell, they had access to the huge




French coast.
This left Great Britain vulnerable.
Think about it this way, Germany just showed up at
their doorstep.
The only thing blocking Great Britain from being
conquered by the Germans was the Atlantic Ocean.
The outcome of the battle was a strategic victory for
the Allies (the German blockade failed) but a great
cost: 3,500 merchant ships and 175 warships were
sunk for the loss of 783 U-boats.
WWII
WWII
 The North
Africa campaigns of WWII were
waged between Sep. 1940 and May 1943.
 They were strategically important for both the
Western Allies and the Axis powers.
 The Axis
powers aimed to deprive the
Allies access to Middle Eastern oil supplies, to
secure and increase Axis access to the oil, and to
cut off Britain from the material and human
resources of its empire in Asia and Africa.
WWII
WWII
 The Battle of Stalingrad (July 17, 1942 – Feb. 2,
1943), was the successful Soviet defense of
the city of Stalingrad (now Volgograd) in the
U.S.S.R. during WWII.
 Most historians consider it to be the greatest battle of the
entire war.
 It stopped the German advance into the Soviet Union
and marked the turning point in favor of the
Allies.
 It was also one of the bloodiest battles in history, with
combined military and civilian casualties of nearly 2
million.
WWII
 Video: (2 min)
http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/battleof-stalingrad
WWII
 D-Day, June 6, 1944 was the Allied invasion of
German occupied France.
 It happened on the beaches
of Normandy.
 Led by General Dwight Eisenhower which
consisted of over 1 million combined troops.
 This began
the process of the allies retaking Europe.
 Historians call it the beginning
of the end of war
in Europe.
9 min clip from Saving Private Ryan (some graphic images)
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=82RTzi5Vt7w
WWII
 Battle of Midway was a naval battle that
lasted from June 4th to June 7th 1942.
 Battle was between
Japanese.
the U.S. and the
 It took place 6 months after the bombing of Pearl
Harbor.
 One of the most decisive naval battles of WWII.
 Ended the threat of further Japanese
invasion in the Pacific.
 http://www.history.com/topics/world
-war-ii/battle-of-midway
(4min)
WWII
 After the Battle of Midway, the U.S. launched a
counter-offensive strike known as island
hopping, establishing a line of
overlapping island bases, as well as
air control.
 These attacks were led by
General Douglas MacArthur, Commander of the Allied
Forces in the Southwest Pacific (ground forces)
 Admiral Chester Nimitz, Commander-in-Chief of the
Pacific Fleet

WWII
General Douglas MacArthur
Admiral Chester Nimitz
WWII
 The Battle
of Okinawa, also known as
Operation Iceberg, took place in April-June 1945.
 It was the largest amphibious landing in the Pacific
theater of WWII.
 It was also the deadliest
battle of the
Pacific theater with over 100,000 Japanese
and 50,000 for the Allies.
WWII
 “I firmly believe that the only way to swing the war in
our favor is to resort to crash-dive attacks with our
planes…. There will be more than enough volunteers
for this chance to save our country.”- Capt. Motoharu
Okamura, Japanese Naval Captain.
 Kamikaze pilots were suicide bombers
used by the Japanese against
American warships.
 Sometimes these planes were equipped with a large
amount of explosives to inflict the greatest amount of
damage.
WWII
 http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/world-
war-ii-history/videos/kamikaze-pilots
WWII
Atlantic Charter
 During World War II (1939-45), the United States
and Great Britain issued a joint declaration in
August 1941 that set out a vision for the
postwar world. In January 1942, a group of 26
Allied nations pledged their support for this
declaration, known as the Atlantic Charter.
 The document is considered one of the first key steps
toward the establishment of the United Nations in
1945.
WWII
Manhattan Project
 A secret research and development project of
the U.S. (and supported by the British and
Canadians) to develop the atomic bomb.
 Its success granted the U.S. the bombs that ended
the war with Japan as well as ushering the country
and the world into the atomic era.
 http://www.history.com/topics/world-warii/trinity-test/videos/manhattan-project
WWII
Dropping of atomic bombs on Japan
 On August 6, 1945, during World War II (1939-45), an
American B-29 bomber dropped the world’s first
deployed atomic bomb over the Japanese city of
Hiroshima.
 The explosion wiped out 90 percent of the city and
immediately killed 80,000 people; tens of thousands
more would later die of radiation exposure.
 Some of the positives of the dropping of the A-bombs



No difficult invasion of Japan
It led to a quick end
Fewer Allied Deaths
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NF4LQaWJRDg
WWII
WWII
Tehran Conference
 Held Nov., 1943 in Iran and the 1st attended by the
Big 3.
 During the conference, the 3 leaders made a
number of important decisions concerning
the post WWII era.
 They also discussed details of the Soviets opening a
2nd front against the Germans.
WWII




Yalta Conference
Held in Feb. 1945, it was the 2nd wartime meeting of
the Big 3.
During the conference, the 3 leaders agreed to
demand Germany’s unconditional surrender
and began plans for a post-war world.
Stalin agreed to help fight the Japanese.
Stalin also agreed to permit free elections in
territories in Eastern Europe that the USSR would
occupy ( he would later break this promise).
WWII




Postdam Conference
Held near Berlin, the Potsdam Conference (July 17-August 2,
1945) was the last of the World War II meetings held
by the “Big Three” heads of state.
Featuring American President Harry S. Truman, British Prime
Minister Winston Churchill (and his successor, Clement
Attlee) and Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin, the talks established
a Council of Foreign Ministers and a central Allied Control
Council for administration of Germany.
The leaders arrived at various agreements on the
German economy, punishment for war criminals,
land boundaries and reparations.
Although talks primarily centered on postwar Europe, the Big
Three also issued a declaration demanding
“unconditional surrender” from Japan.
WWII
Holocaust
 A methodical plan orchestrated by Hitler to
ensure German supremacy. Over 6 million Jews
were killed.
 It called for the elimination of Jews, nonconformists, homosexuals, non-Aryans, and
mentally and physically disabled.
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dU7q04r5iW4
WWII
Nuremberg Trials
 Series of trials in 1945 conducted by an International
Military Tribunal in which former Nazi leaders
were charged with crimes against peace, crimes
against humanity, and war crimes.
 Although the legal justifications for the trials and their
procedural innovations were controversial at the time,
the Nuremberg trials are now regarded as a milestone
toward the establishment of a permanent international
court, and an important precedent for dealing with later
instances of genocide and other crimes against humanity.
EXIT TICKET
The Atlantic Charter was an agreement
between which two countries?
A. Soviet Union and Germany
B. Great Britain and United States
C. Italy and Japan
D. Germany and Italy
WWII
The Big Three
 An alliance made during WWII which joined
together the U.S. (led by Franklin Roosevelt),
the Soviet Union (led by Joseph Stalin) and
Great Britain (led by Winston Churchill).
 The alliance was made out of necessity, as all three
needed to join together in order to defeat the threat
of Nazi Germany.
 This alliance is also called the “Strange Alliance”
because it united the world’s greatest capitalist state,
the greatest communist state and the greatest
colonial power.
WWII
Dwight D. Eisenhower
 Leader of the Allied forces in Europe during
WWII and leader of troops in Africa and
commander in D-Day invasion.
 Would later be elected as the 34th President.
WWII
Douglas MacArthur
 An American general who commanded the
Southwest Pacific in WWII (1939-1945), oversaw the
successful Allied occupation of postwar Japan and led
the United Nations forces in the Korean War.
 In 1942, he was appointed supreme commander of Allied
forces and awarded the Medal of Honor for his defense of
the Philippines.
 On Sept., 2nd 1945, MacArthur officially accepted Japan’s
surrender aboard the USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay.
WWII
Adm. Chester Nimitz
 Served as Admiral in the Navy in the Battle of the
Midway.
 Commanded the American fleet in the Pacific
Ocean and defeated the Japanese.
WWII
Harry S Truman
 Succeeded FDR upon his death in April 1945.
 Led the country through the last few months of
WWII.
 Best known for making the controversial
decision to use two atomic bombs against
Japan in August 1945.
WWII
Founding of the United Nations
 International body formed to bring nations
into dialogue in hopes of preventing further
world wars.
 Much like the former League of Nations in ambition,
it was more realistic in recognizing the authority of
the Big Five Powers in keeping peace in the world,
thus guaranteeing veto power to all permanent
members of its Security Council (Britain, China,
France, the Soviet Union, and the United States)
EXIT TICKET
Which of the following is an incorrect description of a
World War II significant leader?
A. Douglas MacArthur =====> Leader of Pacific Forces
B. Harry Truman =====> Decided to drop the atomic bomb
C. Phillip Randolph =====> Leader of Navy in Pacific
D. Dwight Eisenhower =====> Leader of Allied forces in
Europe