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Year 11 Biology Unit 1: 2017 Student Program STUDENT NAME: Texts which are referred to in this schedule are: Nelson Biology Units 1&2 SEM 1 Week 1 2 Major Content Being Covered Science Inquiry Skills - Introduction to Working as a Biologist Introduction to Biology, scope of course, assessment structure and requirements, textbook/resource book use; Scope & Branches of biology; The Scientific Method: Steps, hypothesising, variables, skills (e.g. tabulating, graphing, interpolating, extrapolating, fair testing, reducing experimental error, interpreting and explaining data patterns). Diversity of Life, Biodiversity of Australia. Describing biodiversity Diversity of species, diversity of ecosystems Ecosystem concept Biodiversity includes the diversity of genes, species and ecosystems; measures of biodiversity rely on classification and are used to make comparisons across spatial and temporal scales. Most common definitions of species rely on morphological or genetic similarity or the ability to interbreed to produce fertile offspring in natural conditions – but in all cases, exceptions are found. 3 Why classify organisms? Classification systems Levels of classification Naming organisms: Binomial system Classification based on characteristics of the organism Physical characteristic Reproductive method Molecular sequences Classification keys Biological classification is hierarchical and based on molecular sequences, different levels of similarity of physical features and methods of reproduction. 4 Text References Review Questions Assessment Worksheet – Working Scientifically and the Scientific Method Text Read pages 1-4 Scientific Method Pre-Test Text Ch 1 Biodiversity Question Set 1.1 p6 Read pages 6- 10 Scientific literacy: The Great Barrier Reef. Answer the questions. Ch 1 Review Questions Task 1 – Assignment: Scientific method Ch 2 Classifying Biodiversity Read pages 14-17 Question set 2.1 Read pages 17 – 20 Question set 2.2 Activity 2.2 Read pages 20 – 29 Experiment 2.1 Identifying insects Read case study: A microbiological sleuth: Dr Adam Jenney and answer the questions. Question set 2.3 Classification reflects evolutionary relationships Cladistics Technology impacts on taxonomy. Read p 29 – 37 Activity 2.3 constructing a cladogram Question set 2.4 Biological classification systems reflect evolutionary relatedness between groups of organisms. Chapter review questions. Task 2 - Diversity of Living Things – Classification Chart & Validation 5 Biosphere Classifying ecosystems Ecosystems are diverse, composed of varied habitats, consisting of a range of biotic and abiotic factors, and can be described in terms of their component species, species interactions and the abiotic factors that make up the environment. 6 Ecological niche Interactions between living organisms Relationships and interactions within a species and between species in ecosystems include predation, competition, symbiosis (mutualism, commensalism and parasitism), collaboration and disease. In addition to biotic factors, abiotic factors, including climate and substrate, can be used to describe and classify environments. Keystone Species 7 Keystone species play a critical role in maintaining the structure of the community; the impact of a reduction in numbers or the disappearance of keystone species on an ecosystem is greater than would be expected, based on their relative abundance or total biomass. Coexistence: the power of a keystone species Energy sources for life How do living organisms use energy? 8 9 10 The biotic components of an ecosystem transfer and transform energy, originating primarily from the sun, and matter to produce biomass; and interact with abiotic components to facilitate biogeochemical cycling, including carbon and nitrogen cycling; these interactions can be represented using food webs and biomass pyramids. Quantitative modeling to predict change Pyramid of numbers Pyramid of biomass Pyramid of energy Recycling matter Carbon Cycle Biological magnification Ch 3 Read pages 39 – 42 Question set 3.1 Read pages 43 – 52 Question set 3.2 Task 3 - Test: Biodiversity Read pages 53 – 56 Question set 3.3 Pages 56 – 61 Question sets 3.4 & 3.5 Task 4 – Science Investigation – Factors Affecting Germination Read pages 61 – 68 Question set 3.6 Chapter review Questions Ch 4 Read pages 69 – 71 Question set 4.1 Read pages 71 – 77 Question set 4.2 Read pages 77 – 83 Question set 4.3 Read pages 83 – 85 Question set 4.4 Read pages 86 – 92 Question set 4.5 Read pages 93 – 100 Question set 4.6 Chapter 4 review questions Task 5 - Extended Response – in class essay assessment Task 6 - Population Dynamics: A Numbers Game Holidays Term 2 11 (1) What is a population? Population studies Ecosystems have carrying capacities that limit the number of organisms (within populations) they support, and can be impacted by changes to abiotic and biotic factors, including climatic events. Ch 5 Read pages 101 – 103 Question set 5.1 Read pages 103 – 114 Question set 5.2 Task 6 – Validation Test Population regulation 12 (2) Restoring populations Conservation strategies used to maintain biodiversity are genetic strategies, including gene/seed banks and captive breeding programs, environmental strategies, including revegetation and control of introduced species, management strategies, including protected areas and restricted commercial and recreational access. Read pages 118 – 124 Questions 5.4 Chapter review questions 13 (3) Ecological succession involves changes in the populations of species present in a habitat; these changes impact the abiotic and biotic interactions in the community, which in turn influence further changes in the species present and their population size. Ecosystems can change Ecological succession 14 (4) Worked example 5.1 Growth rate Worked example 5.2 Abundance Read pages 115 – 117 Question set 5.3 Worked example 5.3 Capture mark recapture method. Ch 6 Read pages125 – 129 Question set 6.1 Read pages 129 – 134 Question set 6.2 Read pages 134 – 137 Question set 6.3 Human activities can reduce biodiversity Human activities that can affect biodiversity and can impact on the magnitude, duration and speed of ecosystem change include examples of habitat destruction, fragmentation or degradation, the introduction of invasive species, unsustainable use of natural resources, the impact of pollutants, including biomagnification, climate change. Read pages 137 – 149 Question set 6.4 Human impacts on ecosystems today 15 (5) 16 (6) Revision of Unit One Preparation for Exam WACE Study Guide Trial Tests 1 - 7 Task 8 Semester One EXAM Task 7 - Test: Ecosystems Year 11 Biology Unit 2: 2017 SEM 2 Chapter 6 STUDENT NAME: Text References Review Questions Major Content Being Covered Week 1(8) Assessment Semester One Exam Solutions and discussion (2 Hours) Read Ch 6 Changes in Ecosystems Research Assignment – Task 10: Environmental Issues Computer research in class (2 hours) Complete at home Chapter 7 Week 2 (9) The cell is the basic unit of life cells require energy inputs, including light energy or chemical energy in complex molecules, and matter, including gases, simple nutrients and ions, and removal of wastes, to survive Structural Organisation of the body atom to organism Read pages 152–8 Question set 7.1 Prokaryote cells are the simplest Read pages 158–9 Eukaryote cells are more complex Read Case study: Stem cell tourism. Answer the questions. Question set 7.2 prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have many features in common, which is a reflection of their common evolutionary past, but prokaryotes lack internal membrane-bound organelles, do not have a nucleus, are significantly smaller than eukaryotes, usually have a single circular chromosome, and exist as single cells 3(10) Read pages 159–66 Strructure and Function of cells – Prokaryote/Eukaryote, animal/plant identify organelles, function of organelles Microscope tasks the cell membrane model has been continually reconceptualised and revised since the mid-nineteenth century and the currently accepted model, based on the evidence from improved technologies, is the fluid mosaic model developments in microscopy and associated preparation techniques have contributed to more sophisticated models of cell structure and function Parts of a microscope/types of microscopes (light, TEM, SEM) development of microscope Focussing, FOV, magnification, size of image Task 9 – Environmental Issues : student presentations Drawing specimens Onion skin wet mount Holidays Task 9 – Environmental Issues Validation Term 3 Cells need energy 4 (1) metabolism describes the sum total of the physical and chemical processes by which cell components transform matter and energy needed to sustain life Read pages167–70 Question set 7.3 Specialised organelles synthesise complex molecules. Read pages 171–174 Organic Molecules Question set 7.4 biological molecules are synthesised from monomers to produce complex structures, including carbohydrates, proteins and lipids p 164 Scientific literacy: Controversial stem cell therapy. Answer the questions. Specialised organelles remove waste Read pages 175–177 Specialised Organelles Question set 7.5 eukaryotic cells carry out specific cellular functions in specialised structures and organelles, including: cell membrane, cell wall, chloroplasts, endoplasmic reticulum (rough and smooth), Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, mitochondria, nucleus,ribosomes, vacuoles Chapter 7 review questions Ch 7 online review quiz Ch 7 Revision activity sheet Chapter 8 5 (2) Cells in their environments Ch 8 Prior Knowledge Worksheet The plasma membrane: the boundary of cells Power point – Transport - with student booklet Read pages 184–9 the currently accepted model of the cell membrane is the fluid mosaic model the cell membrane separates the cell from its surroundings and controls the exchange of materials, including gases, nutrients and wastes, between the cell and its environment p 186 Scientific literacy: Development of the cell membrane model Diffusion demo w/s 2.3 Moving Molecules Question set 8.1 Passive movements across membranes movement of materials across membranes occurs via passive processes, including diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis active processes, including active transport, endocytosis and exocytosis Read pages 189–98 w/s 8.2 Movement Across Plasma Membrane w/s Movement Across Memebranes Question set 8.2 Osmosis demos – w/s 9 The exchange of Materials by Cells w/s 10 Osmosis – A Special Type of Diffusion Ch 8 Power Point Task 10 – Microscopy Practical Test Some movement requires energy 6(3) Read pages 198–203 Factors affecting the exchange of materials Read Case study: Curing cancer: cell death could save lives. Answer the questions. Question set 8.3 factors that affect exchange of materials across membranes include the surface area to volume ratio of the cell concentration gradients Read pages 203–7 the physical and chemical nature of the materials being exchanged P206 Worked example 8.1 Calculate the surface-area-to-volume ratio. w/s 8.4 Surface Area to Volume Ratio Question set 8.4 Chapter review questions Ch 8 Revision activity sheet Chapter 9 7 (4) Biochemical processes are essential for life Ch 9 Prior knowledge activity sheet Read pages 212–16 biochemical processes in the cell are controlled by factors, including the nature and arrangement of internal membranes, and the presence of specific enzymes Properties of enzymes affect their specific functions Question set 9.1 Read pages 216–18 w/s 9.1 Enzyme Reaction Rate – Temperature Factors that affect enzyme activity 8 (5) enzymes have specific functions which can be affected by factors, including temperature two models that are used to explain enzyme action are the lock and key model and the induced fit model pH presence of inhibitors concentrations of reactants and products Enzymes Power Point Read pages 218–25 Question set 9.2 w/s 9.2 Enzymes Ch 9 Power Point Energy is transferred between reactions Read p 229 – 230 New Sources of Fuel/CAPP complete questions Photosynthesis w/s 9.3 Chemical Reactions - Photosynthesis Read pages 226 –228 Photosynthesis photosynthesis is a biochemical process that uses light energy to synthesise organic compounds; light dependent and light independent reactions occur at different sites in the chloroplast; and make up separate parts of the overall process that can be represented as a balanced chemical equation the rate of photosynthesis can be affected by the availability of light and carbon dioxide, and temperature Question set 9.3 Task 11 Investigation – Osmosis Practical and Valiadtion Cellular respiration Read pages 231–236 Cellular Respiration Question set 9.4 cellular respiration is a biochemical process that occurs in different locations in the cytosol and mitochondria, and metabolises organic compounds, aerobically or anaerobically, to release useable energy in the form of ATP; products of anaerobic respiration vary between organisms (plants, yeast, bacteria, animals); the overall process of aerobic respiration can be represented as a balanced chemical equation the rate of respiration can be affected by the availability of oxygen and glucose, and temperature w/s Cloze - Respiration Power Point - Metabolism w/s 9.4 Cellular Respiration p233 photosynthesis and respiration diagram Chapter review questions Ch 9 Revision activity sheet Chapter 10 Increasing complexity: from unicellular to multicellular 9 (6) multicellular organisms have a hierarchical structural organisation of cells, tissues, organs and systems Task 12 Test – Cells and Cell Processes Ch 10 Prior knowledge activity sheet Read pages 241–250 Question set 10.1 Read pages 251–252 Cell specialisation and differentiation Question set 10.2 w/s 10.1 Animal Cells (p253 – 257) cut and paste pictures Patterns in levels of organisation Read pages 253–261 w/s 10.2 Plant Cells 10 (7) Question set 10.3 Read p 258 Scientific literacy: Who controls differentiation? Answer the questions. Read Activity 10.2 Whose rights? Answer the questions Chapter review questions Ch 10 Revision activity sheet Chapter 11 Transporting substances: The human circulatory system 11 (8) in animals, the transport of materials within the internal environment for exchange with cells is facilitated by the structure of open and closed circulatory systems according to the different metabolic requirements of organisms and differing environments Ch 11 Prior knowledge activity sheet Read pages 266–269 Question set 11.1 Notes – Internal Transport, heart diagram, w/s Structure of the Heart Circulatory system Read pages 269–274 Blood vessels and the heart The lymphatic system Question set 11.2 w/s Circulation Lecture and w/s Animal Circulation Systems Lymph System lecture and notes Task 13 Investigation – Enzymes Practical & Validation 12 (9) Adaptations for gas exchange Lecture – Respiratory Systems Read pages 275–278 in animals, the exchange of gases between the internal and external environments of the organism is facilitated by the structure of the exchange surface(s), including spiracles, gills, alveoli and skin Obtaining nutrients and energy in animals, the acquisition and processing of nutrients is facilitated by the structure of the digestive system; animals may have a gastrovascular cavity with one opening or a specialised alimentary canal with two openings; specialisation of alimentary canals is related to diet, for example, herbivores and carnivores The excretory system 13(10) Question set 11.3 w/s 11.3 Open and Closed circulatory Systems w/s Types of Gas Exchange Systems in Animals Read pages 278–284 Question set 11.4 w/s 11.4 Digestive Systems Task 14 Zoo Excursion Validation Read pages 285–91 Experiment 11.1 Dissection of a kidney w/s 11.5 The Renal System (p1&2) Powerpoint - The Urinary System Read Case study: Kidney donation & Scientific literacy: Organ trafficking. Question set 11.5 Chapter review questions and Revision Activity Sheet Holidays Term 4 Chapter 12 Plant structure and function Read pages 298–301 Prior knowledge activity sheet 14(1) Question set 12.1 Experiment 12.1 Plant Transport Systems w/s 12.2 Xylem Lecture with worksheet – Transport in Plants w/s 12.3 Phloem 15 (2) Transporting water Read pages 302–307 Gas exchange Read pages 307–309 in vascular plants, gases are exchanged via stomata and the plant surface and does not involve the plant transport system Question set 12.3 w/s Plants and Transpiration terrestrial Australian plants are adapted to minimise water loss in an arid environment Question set 12.2 Ch 12 Power Point w/s 4.8 Types of Gas Exchange in Plants Obtaining and transporting nutrients 16 (3) in vascular plants, transport of water and mineral nutrients from the roots occurs via xylem through root pressure, capillary action (adhesion and cohesion of water molecules), transpiration; transport of the products of photosynthesis and some mineral nutrients occurs by translocation in the phloem Read pages 309–16 Read Case study: Algae architecture. Answer the questions. Question set 12.4 Experiment 12.2 Leaf structure Chapter review questions Revision activity sheet 17 (4) Revision Task 16 - Semester Two EXAM Task 15 Test: Adaptations