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1.1 Biotic and Abiotic Factors in Ecosystems (sec 2.1 pg 21-24) • The study of how organisms interact with each other and with their physical environment is called ecology. • For practical reasons, ecologists divide the environment into different levels: • The environment is divided into different levels: • Level 1: organism = single living thing. • The environment is divided into different levels: • Level 2: population = all of the organisms of the same species that share a habitat. • The environment is divided into different levels: • Level 3: community = all of the different populations in a particular area that interact. • The environment is divided into different levels: Level 4: ecosystem = includes the living community as well as the physical environment in which the organisms live • The environment is divided into different levels: • Level 5: Biosphere = is the total area of Earth where living things are found. • Each environment has two kinds of factors: – Abiotic = non-living factors – Biotic = living factors ABIOTIC FACTORS BIOTIC FACTORS • A limiting factor is the most critical factor in determining the types of organisms that exist in an ecosystem. • Many organisms compete for the same limiting factor(s). • Many ecosystems are in a state of dynamic equilibrium, where there is a balance between the abiotic and biotic factors and their connection to each other, but there is also continuous change. • Most ecosystems experience continuous change, but the overall system is still stable.