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Genetics Unit Review Any question that is not “fill in the blank” you need to write a complete sentence answer on another sheet of paper (on the back of the packet is fine). 1. What is your plan for studying? Which nights, what times, for how long, which lesson, how will you study? 2. What is heredity? 3. Explain the role of chromosomes in heredity. 4. What scientist made important discoveries that allow us to study genetics?_____________ 5. What organism did the scientist in question 4 study?____________________ 6. What are the differences between sexual and asexual reproduction? 7. Where does mitosis occur?_________________ 8. Mitosis results in _____ cells. 9. Where does meiosis occur?________________or _________________ 10. What is the purpose of meiosis?______________________________________ 11. Meiosis results in _____ cells. 12. An elephant normally has 56 chromosomes in its cells. a. How many pairs of chromosomes does an elephant have in its cells?______ b. After mitosis occurs, how many pairs of chromosomes would be in each of the elephant’s body cells?______ c. After meiosis occurs, how many chromosomes would be in each of the elephant’s sex cells. 13. Which determines the other—genotype or phenotype?______________ 14. If you are heterozygous for having a Widow’s Peak, what is your genotype?______ 15. A gene that controls a recessive gene is said to be______________. 16. Explain why a plant with the genotype Tt is tall instead of medium sized. 17. If yellow seed (Y) is dominant over green seed (y) in pea plants, what is (are) the possible genotypes of a pea plant with yellow seeds? _________________ 18. Why is it important to study genetics? 19. The ability to roll your tongue is dominant (R) while the inability to roll your tongue is recessive. Make a Punnett square showing the possible offspring from an Rr male and an rr female. Then answer a & b. a. What are the chances of these parents having an offspring with the ability to roll their tongue? ______ % b. If an offspring is unable to roll their tongue, would the genotype be rr? ______ Name: Period: Insect Genetics Traits and Symbols: Body Part Dominant Allele Body Spotted Legs Striped Eyes Green Antenna Long Wings Waxed Symbol B L E A W Recessive Allele Plain Clear White Short Foil Symbol b l e a w Practice Identifying Genotypes—Remember every individual has two genes for each trait (one from their mom and from their dad). Figure out what two genes each insect below would have. Description Genes Homozygous (purebred) spotted body _____ _____ Heterozygous (hybrid) legs _____ _____ White eyes _____ _____ Foil wings _____ _____ Heterozygous (hybrid) antenna _____ _____ Homozygous (purebred) waxed wings _____ _____ Plain body _____ _____ Homozygous (purebred) green eyes _____ _____ Producing the Offspring Procedure: • Identify the genotypes of parent bugs. • Figure out what information the sperm and egg will carry • "Cross" a male and a female • Figure out the possible genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring 1. You carry out a cross between the following two insects: Male purebred waxed wings x Female foil wings 1 2 Possible Genotypes and % ________ ________ 3 4 ________ Possible Phenotypes and % ________ ________ 2. Long or short antenna: You carry out a cross between the following two insects: Male heterozygous antenna x Female heterozygous antenna 1 2 Possible Genotypes and % ________ ________ 3 4 ________ Possible Phenotypes and % ________ ________ 3. Green or white eyes: You carry out a cross between the following two insects: Male heterozygous eyes x Female white eyes 1 2 Possible Genotypes and % ________ ________ 3 4 ________ Possible Phenotypes and % ________ ________ 4. Striped or clear legs: You carry out a cross between the following two insects: Male clear x Female purebred striped 1 2 Possible Genotypes and % ________ ________ 3 4 ________ Possible Phenotypes and % ________ ________