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1. Arrows A, B, and C in the diagram below represent the processes necessary to make the energy stored in food available for muscle activity. The correct sequence of processes represented by A, B, and C is A) B) C) D) diffusion ® synthesis ® active transport digestion ® diffusion ® cellular respiration digestion ® excretion ® cellular respiration synthesis ® active transport ® excretion 2. Which two activities in the chart below best describe the process of transport? 7. The disease known as malaria may result in a fever, a decrease in red blood cells, and an enlarged liver and spleen. These symptoms are evidence of A) B) C) D) A) A and C C) C and D B) B and C D) A and D 3. The energy an organism requires to transport materials and eliminate wastes is obtained directly from A) DNA C) hormones B) starch D) ATP 4. By which process is the potential energy of organic molecules transferred to a form of energy that is usable by the cells? A) digestion C) photosynthesis a disruption of homeostasis a decrease in allergic reactions an increased number of cell organelles hormone destruction 8. The life function responsible for the coordination and control of all life activities in an organism is known as A) regulation C) excretion B) reproduction D) nutrition 9. Which life activity is not required for the survival of an individual organism A) nutrition C) reproduction B) respiration D) synthesis 10. The diagram below represents levels of organization in living things. B) hydrolysis D) respiration 5. Which row in the chart below contains correct information concerning synthesis? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 6. The process that removes metabolic waste products from an organism is known as A) egestion C) excretion B) secretion D) oxidation Which term would best represent X? A) human C) stomach B) tissue D) chloroplast 11. Which row in the chart below contains a cell structure paired with its primary function? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 12. Which structure is best observed using a compound light microscope? A) B) C) D) a cell a virus a DNA sequence the inner surface of a mitochondrion D) 4 16. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which represents stages in the digestion of a starch, and on your knowledge of biology. 13. Which statement describes starches, fats, proteins, and DNA? A) They are used to store genetic information. B) They are complex molecules made from smaller molecules. C) They are used to assemble larger inorganic materials. D) They are simple molecules used as energy sources. 14. All cells of an organism are engaged in many different chemical reactions. This fact is best supported by the presence in each cell of thousands of different kinds of A) enzymes C) chloroplasts B) nuclei D) organelles 15. What substance could be represented by the letter X in the diagram below? The structure labeled X most likely represents A) an antibody C) an enzyme B) a receptor molecule D) a hormone 17. In living organisms, lipids function mainly as A) sources of stored energy and transmitters of genetic information B) sources of stored energy and components of cellular membranes C) transmitters of genetic information and catalysts of chemical reactions D) catalysts of chemical reactions and components of cellular membranes 18. Which phrase is an example of autotrophic nutrition? A) carbohydrates C) carbon dioxide B) ozone D) water A) B) C) D) a cow eating grass in a field a mushroom digesting a dead log an apple tree making its own food a tapeworm feeding in the body of a dog 19. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which represents a chemical reaction that occurs in the human body, and on your knowledge of biology. Which statement describes a characteristic of molecule Z? A) B) C) D) Molecule Z will function at any temperature above 20°C. Molecule Z is composed of a string of molecular bases represented by A, T, G, and Molecule Z will function best at a specific pH. Molecule Z is not specific, so this reaction can be controlled by any other chemical in the body. Base your answers to questions 20 and 21 on the graph below and your knowledge of biology. 20. Neither enzyme works at a pH of A) 1 B) 5 D) 13 C) 3 21. Pepsin works best in which type of environment? A) acidic, only C) neutral B) basic, only D) sometimes acidic, sometimes basic 22. All life depends on the availability of usable energy. This energy is released when A) organisms convert solar energy into the chemical energy found in food molecules B) respiration occurs in the cells of producers and high-energy molecules enter the atmosphere C) cells carry out the process of respiration D) animal cells synthesize starch and carbon dioxide 23. Lactic acid may be formed as a result of the process of A) B) C) D) aerobic respiration anaerobic respiration photosynthesis photolysis 24. The diagram below represents the synthesis of a portion of a complex molecule in an organism. Which row in the chart could be used to identify the building blocks and product in the diagram? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 25. The diagram below provides some information concerning proteins. D) 4 28. The diagram below represents a plant cell. Which phrase is represented by A? A) B) C) D) sequence of amino acids sequence of simple sugars sequence of starch molecules sequence of ATP molecules 26. Base your answer to the following question on the information below and on your knowledge of biology. A solution of an enzyme normally found in the human body was added to a flask containing a solution of proteins in distilled water, and then the flask was stoppered. This mixture was then maintained at a temperature of 27ºC and a pH of 7 for 48 hours. When the mixture was analyzed, the presence of amino acids was noted. The enzymatic solution most likely contained A) carbohydrates C) lipases For the process of photosynthesis, the arrow labeled A would most likely represent the direction of movement of A) B) C) D) carbon dioxide, water, and solar energy oxygen, sugar, and solar energy carbon dioxide, oxygen, and heat energy sugar, water, and heat energy 29. The diagram below represents a beaker containing a solution of various molecules involved in digestion. B) maltases D) proteases 27. Which substances are found on cell surfaces and respond to nerve and hormone signals? A) B) C) D) starches and simple sugars subunits of DNA vitamins and minerals receptor molecules Which structures represent products of digestion? A) A and D C) B and E B) B and C D) D and E 30. The diagram below illustrates the movement of materials involved in a process that is vital for the energy needs of organisms. 33. A biologist observed a plant cell in a drop of water as shown in diagram A. The biologist added a 10% salt solution to the slide and observed the cell as shown in diagram B. The change in appearance of the cell resulted from The process illustrated occurs within A) chloroplasts C) ribosomes B) mitochondria D) vacuoles 31. The diagram below represents the fluid-mosaic model of a cell membrane. A) more salt moving out of the cell than into the cell B) more salt moving into the cell than out of the cell C) more water moving into the cell than out of the cell D) more water moving out of the cell than into the cell 34. The diagram below represents a structure involved in cellular respiration. The release of which substance is represented by the arrows? The arrow points to a component of the membrane that is best described as a A) B) C) D) sugar floating in lipids A) glucose C) carbon dioxide B) oxygen D) DNA 35. A laboratory technique is illustrated in the diagram below. protein floating in lipids lipid floating in proteins lipid floating in sugars 32. Which set of functions is directly controlled by the cell membrane? A) protein synthesis, respiration, digestion of food molecules B) active transport, recognition of chemical messages, protection C) enzyme production, elimination of large molecules, duplication of DNA codes D) release of ATP molecules, regulation of cell reproduction, food production The technique of lowering the coverslip at an angle is used to A) B) C) D) make organelles more visible reduce the formation of air bubbles make the specimen transparent reduce the size of the specimen 36. The diagram below shows two different kinds of substances, A and B, entering a cell. ATP is most likely being used for A) substance A to enter the cell C) both substances to enter the cell B) substance B to enter the cell D) neither substance to enter the cell 37. A laboratory setup using an artificial cell made from dialysis tubing is shown in the diagram below. Identify the process that would most likely be responsible for the movement of glucose from inside the artificial cell to the solution outside of the cell. 38. A wet-mount slide preparation of a specimen is stained in order to A) B) C) D) 40. Part of a laboratory procedure is shown in the diagram below. eliminate some organelles make cell structures more visible use the high-power lens remove water from the slid 39. Tomato plants in a garden are not growing well. The gardener hypothesizes that the soil is too acidic. To test this hypothesis accurately, the gardener could A) plant seeds of a different kind of plant B) move the tomato plants to an area with less sunlight C) change the pH of the soil D) reduce the amount of water available to the plant This setup would most likely be involved in a procedure to A) B) C) D) stain specimens while making a wet mount test for the presence of glucose using an indicator separate pigments in a mixture determine the pH of solution 41. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below of a microscope and on your knowledge of biology. 42. A student used several different indicators to conduct tests on a sample of partially digested food. The results obtained are shown in the table below. Based on these test results, the food sample most likely contained partially digested A) carbohydrates C) amino acids B) lipids D) proteins 43. Which substance is a suitable indicator for detecting the presence of starch in a plant cell? The highest possible magnification that can be obtained when using this microscope is A) 40× C) 400× B) 100× D) 4,000× A) Fehling's solution C) bromthymol blue B) pH paper D) iodine solution 44. A brown-colored indicator was placed on the cut surfaces of several bean seeds after the seeds had been soaked in water. A blue-black color was observed on each of the surfaces. The indicator was most likely used to test for the presence of A) acid C) a simple sugar B) starch D) carbon dioxide Answer Key final review 1. B 37. diffusion or passive transport. 2. C 3. D 38. B 4. D 39. C 5. C 40. B 6. C 41. C 7. A 42. A 8. A 43. D 9. C 44. B 10. B 11. A 12. A 13. B 14. A 15. A 16. C 17. B 18. C 19. C 20. D 21. A 22. C 23. B 24. B 25. A 26. D 27. D 28. A 29. D 30. A 31. B 32. B 33. D 34. C 35. B 36. A