Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Anatomy Notes section 1.7 Anatomical Terminology pp 14-18. Researchers and clinicians dev. set of precise terms to describe anatomy- communicate effectively. -relative positions of body parts - relate to imaginary planes along which cuts can be made -describe body regions All of the above assume body is in Anatomical Position. Anatomical Position: • standing erect • face forward • arms at sides • feet/palms forward • feet parallel and close Relative Positions: describes the location of one body part w/respect to another. 1. Superior- a body part is above another or is closer to the head. 2. Inferior-body part is below another body par or is closer to the feet. 3. Anterior-(ventral)- means toward the front. 4. Posterior-(dorsal)- opposite of anterior, toward the back. 5. Medial- refers to an imaginary midline dividing the body into 2 equal right and left halves. 6. Lateral- toward the side with respect to the imaginary line. 7. Bilateral-refers to paired structures, one of which is on one side. ( lungs) 8. Ipsilateral –refers to structures on the same side. 9. Contralateral- refers t structures on opposite sides 10. Proximal- describes a body part that is closer to the point of attachment to the trunk than any other body part. Proximal may also refer to another reference point. 11. Distal-the opposite of proximal. It means that the particular body part is farther from a point of attachment to the trunk than any other body part. 12. Superficial- situated near the surface. Peripheral also means outward or near surface. 13. Deep- describes parts that are more internal than superficial parts. Body Sections: The relative locations and organization of internal body parts requires cutting or sectioning the body along various planes. 1. Sagittal: lengthwise plane, divides body into right and left portions. (midsagittal-If a sagittal plane passes along the midline and divides the body into equal parts.) (Parasagittal a sagittal section lateral to the midline.) 2. Transverse: horizontal- divides body into superior and inferior portions. 3. Coronal: frontal- divides body into anterior and posterior positions. Cylindrical parts may be cut in cross sections, oblique section (at an angle) or longitudinal section. Fig 1.15 p 16 in text. Body Regions Abdominal Area is divided into 9 regions. P 17 figure 1.16 1. Epigastric region- upper middle portion. 2. Left and right hypochondriac regions- lie on each side of the epigastric region. 3. Umbilical region- refers to the middle portion. 4. Left and right lumbar regions- lie on each side of the umbilical region. 5. Hypogastric region- lower middle portion. 6. Left and right iliac regions- lie on each side of the hypogastric region. The abdominal area is often subdivided into 4 quadrants.