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``THE LANGUAGE OF ANATOMY *What is the standard body position for the anatomical reference point? Anatomical Position: the body is erect with feet together, standing at attention with palms forward. Most directional terms used will refer to the body as if it were in this position, regardless of the actual position. Remember…when referring to “right” and “left” sides of the person or cadaver being viewed…it is their “right” or “left” side that is being referred to, not yours. Directional terms: allow us to explain exactly where one body structure is in relation to another (The ears are lateral to the nose.). Regional Terms Axial part: it makes up the main part of the axis of our body & includes the head, neck, & trunk. Appendicular part: consists of appendages, or limbs, which are attached to the body’s axis. Regional terms: used to designate specific areas within the major body divisions RELATIVE POSITION Terms of Relative position describe the location of one body part with respect to another. They include the following: 1. SUPERIOR - means a body part is above another part or is closer to the head. 2. INFERIOR - means a body part is below another body part or toward the feet. 3. ANTERIOR – means toward the front. 4. VENTRAL – also means toward the front 5. POSTERIOR – it means toward the back. 6. DORSAL - also it means toward the back. 7. MEDIAL – relates to an imaginary midline dividing the body in equal right and left halves. (Sample: The nose is medial to the eyes.) 8. LATERAL – means toward the side with respect to the imaginary midline. ( (Sample: The ears are lateral to the eyes.) 9. PROXIMAL – describes a body part that is closer to a point of attachment or closer to the trunk of the body than another part. (Sample: The elbow is proximal to the wrist.) 10. DISTAL – It means that a particular body part is farther from the point of attachment or farther from the trunk of the body than another part. (Sample: The fingers are distal to the wrist.) 11. SUPERFICIAL – means situated near the surface. 12. PERIPHERAL – also means outward or near the surface. 13. DEEP – describes parts that are more internal. 14. CORTEX - the outer layer of an organ 15. MEDULLA - the inner portion of an organ. Body Planes & Sections (page 16) *In the study of anatomy, the body is often sectioned along a flat surface called a plane. Sagittal—is a vertical plane that divides the body into right & left parts. -Midsagittal: the specific sagittal plane thru the midline. -Parasagittal: offset from the midline. Frontal—divides body into anterior & posterior parts. Transverse (Horizontal)—runs horizontally from right to left, dividing the body into superior & inferior parts.