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Unit 1 Vocabulary Anatomy deals with the structure of the body and its parts Physiology studies the functions of these parts Atom: Smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of the element. Molecule: a group atoms held together by a chemical bond. Macromolecule: a group molecules held together by a chemical bond. Organelle: a structure in a cell that has a specialized function Cell: Smallest unit of life. Tissue: Groups of cells with similar functions. Organ: Two or more types of tissue working together to complete a specific task. Organ System: A group of organs that carries out a more generalized set of functions Organism: The Creator’s symphony of organ systems functioning together in one living unit. Homeostasis: Maintenance of a stable internal environment. Receptors: provide info about stimuli/conditions in the internal environment. Set Point: tells what that that particular value should be. Effectors: causes the response that alters the conditions in the internal environment to maintain homeostasis. Negative Feedback Loop: Restores stable conditions. Positive Feedback Loop: Produces unstable conditions Parietal Membrane: Outer Layer – around the organ system. Visceral Membrane: Inner Layer - ATTACHED the organ. Superior: A body part is above another part. Inferior: Opposite of superior. A body part is below another part. Anterior: Towards the front. Posterior: Means the same as dorsal in humans. Towards the back. Medial: Towards the midline. Lateral: Towards the side (away from midline). Proximal: Is in reference to another part. It means closer to the point of origin. Distal: Is the opposite of proximal. It means farther from the point of origin. Superficial: Situated near to the surface. Deep: Situated far from the surface. Sagittal: Divides the body into right and left portions. Mid sagittal: centrally divides body into equal left and right portions. Transverse: Divides the body into superior and inferior portions. Frontal : divides the body into anterior and posterior portions.