Download Maintaining Homeostasis

Intro to Anatomy and
Physiology
Characteristics of living things
 1.
Interaction with environment/
Responsiveness
 2. Growth and repair
 3. Independent reproduction
 4. Movement: internal (always) or
external (sometimes)
 5. Metabolism/waste removal
 6. Cellular structure with organelles
 7. Water based fluids
Structure and Function
 Given
one, we can predict the other
 Example:
 Mitochondria produce energy for the
cell.
 Liver cells have a high concentration
of mitochondria
 Therefore we predict that liver cells
need large amounts of energy to do
their job
Levels of Organization
 Atom
→ Molecule → Cell → Tissue →
Organ → Organ System → Organism
 Example:
 Nitrogen
→ DNA → Columnar
Epithelial Cell → Epithelial Tissue →
Lung → Respiratory System →
Human
Maintaining Homeostasis
 Homeostasis-a
stable internal
environment
 Regulation-adjustments made to
maintain homeostasis
 Receptor-senses change
 Control center-processes information
 Effector-responds to the change
Try this
Maintaining Homeostasis
 Stimulus:
elevated body temp
 Receptor:________________
 Control Center:______________
 Effector:_________________
Feedback
 Negative
 Eg.
feedback-opposes stimulus
thermoregulation
 Positive
feedback-reinforces the
stimulus
 Eg.
Blood clotting
Try this
 Can
you think of any other examples
(biological or non-biological) of
positive and negative feedback?
Surface and Directional
Anatomy
Directional Terms
Anterior/Ventral—front
 Posterior/Dorsal—back
 Superior—above
 Cranial—toward the head
 Inferior—below
 Caudal—toward the tail(bone)
 Medial—toward the longitudinal axis of
the body
 Lateral—away from the longitudinal axis
 Proximal—toward an attached base
 Distal—away from an attached base

Body Planes
 Median—divides
the body into equal
right/left sections
-(Sagittal-into unequal sections)
 Coronal—divides the body into equal
front/back sections
-(frontal-unequal)
 Transverse—divides the body into
cranial/caudal
Body Cavities
 Function—1.protect
organs, 2.allow
for organs to change size
 Major divisions: Dorsal cavity, ventral
cavity (know illustrations on p. 22)
 Cavities have membranes lining both
sides
 Parietal portion-lines the outer wall
 Visceral portion-lines the organ/s