Download The Dative Case and the Future Tense

Nōmen _______________
____
Term 2
__ 11/12/2014
Latin I, Magistra Snyder / Magister Jaffe, R
Packet 1
THE DATIVE CASE AND THE FUTURE TENSE
The DATIVE CASE
Recall the following sentence from the myth of Proserpina and Pluto:
Plūto Prōserpinae grānātum dat Pluto gives a pomegranate _____ Proserpina.

What English word would fit best into the blank above?

The word Prōserpinae in this sentence is in the DATIVE case.

Words in the DATIVE case are translated by adding the English words “TO” or “FOR” before
the DATIVE case noun.
+

The annotation for the DATIVE case is a plus sign
over the dative noun
INDIRECT OBJECTS
The most common function of the DATIVE case is an INDIRECT OBJECT.
An INDIRECT OBJECT is a noun that receives the direct object OR the noun TO or FOR WHOM
the action of the verb is done. Therefore it is indirectly affected by the verb.
Ex. “Pluto gives a pomegranate TO Proserpina.“
 pomegranate = direct object
 Proserpina = INDIRECT OBJECT  she receives the direct object (the pomegranate) and the
action of the verb (gives) is done TO/FOR her (Pluto gives something TO her)
VERBS THAT GOVERN DATIVE CASE NOUNS
Not all verbs can take an INDIRECT OBJECT. There are a few select verbs that you will commonly see
followed by an INDIRECT OBJECT.
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cēdō, cēdere, cessī , cessus: to grant, yield
dī cō, dī cere, dī xī , dī ctus: to say, tell
do, dare, dedi, datus: to give
doceō, docēre, docuī , doctus: to teach
donō, donāre, donāvī , donātus: to grant, bestow
faciō, facere, fēcī , factus: to make
indicō, indicāre, indicāvī , indicātus: to indicate, point out, reveal
monstrō, monstrāre, monstrāvī , monstrātus: to show, teach, point out
narrō, narrāre, narrāvī , narrātus: to tell, narrate
offerō, offerre, obtulī , oblatus to offer, present, bestow
ostendō, ostendere, ostendī , ostentus: to show, display, reveal, display
praebeō, praebēre, praebuī , praebitus to present, show, put forward
praestō, praestāre, praestitī , praestitus to supply, hand over
respondeō, respondēre, respondī , responsus: to reply
Exerceāmus!
Directions: Annotate and translate the following sentences including dative case nouns. The italicized words are in the
DATIVE CASE. Then complete the chart of endings below. Words with asterisks next to them have forms you do not yet
know and they have been translated for you in the vocabulary section. Use the list of verbs on pg. 1 to help you.
1
Among Jupiter’s many mortal conquests was Thetis, a nymph who was the daughter of the sea-god Nereus.
The king of the gods tried to pursue a relationship with the nymph until he was given a grave warning…
a) amor deī Iovis* est irrefragabilis* totī s nymphī s, etiam Thetis.
b) Proteus orāculum deō dat: sī Thetis fī lium creat, ille fī lius suum patrem* vincet*.
c) vōtum amōris* nymphae Iuppiter nōn potest facere.
d) Iuppiter nympham in matrimōniō virī s mortalibus offerre decernit.
Vocabulary
*amōris = love (gen. sg. m.)
*Iovis = Jupiter (gen. sg. m.)
*irrefragabilis = irresistible
*patrem = father (acc. sg. m.)
*potest= (he/she/it) is able, can
*vincet = “will conquer/overthrow”
amor, amōris m. love
creō, creāre, creāvī , creātus to give birth to, bear
decernō, decernere, decrevī , decretus to decide,
determine
etiam even
ille, illa, illud that
nympha, nymphae f. nymph
Proteus, -ī m. Proteus (Thetis’ grandfather)
Thetis, Thetis f. Thetis (a nymph)
totus, tota, totum all
vōtum, vōtī n. promise
DATIVE CASE: Noun Endings
1st DECLENSION
SG.
-a
PL.
-ae
-ae
-ārum
-______
-______
-am
-ās
-ā
-ī s
2nd DECLENSION (M)
NOM.
SG.
-us/r
PL.
-ī
GEN.
-ī
-ōrum
-______
-______
ACC.
-um
-ōs
ABL.
-ō
-ī s
DAT.
2nd DECLENSION (N)
NOM.
SG.
-um
PL.
-ā
GEN.
-ī
-ōrum
-______
-______
ACC.
-um
-a
ABL.
-ō
-ī s
DAT.
DISTINGUISHING THE DATIVE AND ABLATIVE CASES
STATIM
Can the following verbs govern an indirect object, or dative, in Latin? Circle “ita” (yes) or “nōn”
(no); if “ita”, provide an example in English to prove your point.
I.
praestō, praestāre to offer, make available ( ita / nōn)
2
II.
vidēo, vidēre to see ( ita / nōn)
III.
cēdō, cēdere to grant, yield ( ita / nōn)
IV.
prōmittō, prōmittere to promise ( ita / nōn)
V.
amō, amāre to love ( ita / nōn)
REVIEW: NOUN ENDINGS
Decline these nouns in all cases (use your handout from yesterday to check your work):
nympha, nymphae f.: nymph
DECLENSION: _____ / STEM: ___________
NOM.SG.
NOM.PL.
GEN. SG.
GEN. PL.
DAT. SG.
DAT. PL.
ACC.SG.
ACC.PL.
ABL.SG.
ABL.PL.
matrimōnium, matrimōniī n. marriage
DECLENSION: _____ / STEM: ___________
NOM.SG.
NOM.PL.
GEN. SG.
GEN. PL.
DAT. SG.
DAT. PL.
ACC.SG.
ACC.PL.
ABL.SG.
ABL.PL.
Exerceāmus!
Directions: For each sentence, you will see words that could be in one of two cases. It is your job to use context clues
and vocabulary to determine what cases those nouns are in within the specific sentence and then to annotate and
translate.
One mortal man, Peleus, accepts the offer of marriage with Thetis and the couple has a son, Achilles, who is
destined to have a remarkable future (later you will read about their wedding and the conflict it creates
among the gods). Thetis, fearing that her son, Achilles, will be drafted in a dangerous war, tries to protect
him by sending him into hiding…
1. Thetis virō, Peleō, dī cebat: “Graecī auxiliō filiī in bellō vincere possunt,
a. Peleō could be:__ablative or dative_______, but here it is______dative____
b. fī liō could be:____ ablative or dative, but here it is:____ ablative ____
3
c. Translation: Thetis was saying to (her) husband, Peleus: “The Greeks are able to be
victorious in war with the help of (my) son,
2. sed meō filiō nōn vī tam longam donāre nōn possunt.
a. fī liō could be:_________________________, but here it is:______________
b. Translation:
3. itaque meō amī cō, Lycomedī , eum do. Lycomedes eum in suā domō potest cēlāre.
a. amī cō could be:__________________________, but here it is:_____________
b. Translation:
4. Lycomedes puerum vestimentō puellae amicit.
a. vestimentō could be:_________________________, but here it is:_____________
b. puellae could be:
but here it is :
c. Translation:
5. “nēmo vēram fōrmam fī liō poterit cognoscere!”, Lycomedes dī cit.
a. fī liō could be:_________________________, but here it is:_____________
b. Translation:
Vocabulary
amicō, amicī re to dress, clothe
auxilium, auxiliī n. help
bellum, bellī n. war
cēlō, cēlāre to hide
cognoscō, cognoscere to recognize
donō, donāre: to bestow, grant
eum him (acc. sg. m.)
fōrma, fōrmae f.: form, shape, figure
Graecī , Graecōrum m. pl.: the Greeks
itaque therefore
longus, longa, longum: long
Lycomedes, Lycomedis m. Lycomedes
meus, mea, meum: my
nēmo = no one (nom. sg.)
possunt = (they) are able
poterit = (he/she/it) will be able
puella, puellae f. girl
puer, puerī m. boy
vestimentum, vestimentī n. clothing
vincō, vincere to conquer, be victorious, defeat
vī ta, vī tae f.: life
4
COMPREHENSIO
1. What is Thetis’ main concern regarding her son?
2. What solution does she come up with for her problem?
3. How can Lycomedes help Achilles?
4. What is Lycomedes method of protecting Achilles?
5. What does the phrase vēram fōrmam refer to?
APPLE, APPLE, IN THE HALL, WHO’S THE FAIREST OF THEM ALL?
1.
Thetis erat nympha aquae. avus, deus Proteus,
2. orāculum nymphae dī cit: ‘fī lium creābis et fī lius
patrem
3. vincet.’ Iuppiter nypham amābat, sed Thetis eum
verbī s
4. oraculariī s terrēbat; itaque deus eam in
matrimonium
5. cum Peleō dūcit. Peleus nōn deus est sed vir.
6.
Thetis et Peleus nuntia deī s mittunt et deī et deae
7. ad nuptiās veniunt. Neptūnus, aquārum et equōrum
agō, agere, ēgī , āctus drive
ambroscus, -a, -um divine, godlike
animus, animī , m. spirit, mind
aureus, aurea, aureum golden
aurum, aurī , n. gold
avertō, avertere, avertī ,
aversus
turn away
avus, avī , m. grandfather
consilium, consiliī , n. plan
creō, creāre, creāvī , creatus
create; give birth to
creābis = “you will give birth
to”
discordia, discordiae, f.
discord, conflict, animosity
Discordia, Discordiae, f.
Discord (goddess of conflict)
dōnum, dōnī , n. gift
*dūcō, dūcere, duxī , ductus lead
duō two
eam = (acc. sg. f.) “her”
eum = (acc. sg. m.) “him”
equus, equī , m. horse
iaciō, iacere, iēcī , iactus throw
*itaque and so, therefore
mālum, mālī , n. apple
medium, mediī , n. medium,
midst
*mittō, mittere, mī sī , missus
send
*nunc now
Neptūnus, Neptūnī , m. Neptune
nuptiae, nuptiārum, f. pl.
marriage
nympha, nymphae, f. nymph
nuntium, nuntiī , n. message,
invitation
Olympus, Olympī , m. Olympus
patrem = (acc. sg.) father
Proteus, Proteī , m. Proteus
pulcherrimus, -a, -um
fairest/most beautiful
vincō, vincere, vicī , victus 5
conquer
vincet = “he will conquer”
8. deus, dōna Peleō dat. nunc duō equī ambroscī Peleō
9. sunt.
10.
sed deae Discordiae nuntium nōn mittunt. ubi
11.
dea ad Olypum venit, deī eam ā nuptiī s avertunt. dea
12.
ī rāta cōnsilium capit: ‘discordiam in animōs deōrum
13.
et deārum agere cupiō. ex aurō mālum faciō. mālō
14.
discordiam nuptiī s dō.’
15.
ad Olympum revenit et mālum in medium
16.
nuptiārum iacit. in mālō aureō est verbum:
17.
‘PULCHERRIMAE.’
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
6
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
DATIVE OF POSSESSION
In line 8 of this passage you saw the sentence:
nunc duō equī ambroscī Peleō sunt. = Now there are two divine horses for Peleus.
This usage of the DATIVE case is called DATIVE OF POSSESSION. You can still use the “FOR”
translation for these kinds of datives, but you can also say “_______ has ________”, or “Now
Peleus has two divine horses”, for example.
THE FUTURE TENSE
STATIM
Re-translate the following sentence from the last text:
‘fī lium creābis et fī lius patrem vincet.’

The verbs creābis and vincet are both in the FUTURE tense. Consider how the FUTURE tense is
formed by comparing these forms to their PRESENT tense counterparts
o
PRESENT TENSE = creās
you give birth
o
FUTURE TENSE = creābis you will give birth

What is different about the FUTURE tense of this verb?

What conjugation does this verb belong to?
o
PRESENT TENSE = vincit he conquers
o
FUTURE TENSE = vincet he will conquer
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What is different about the FUTURE tense of this verb?

What conjugation does this verb belong to?
7
FORMING THE FUTURE TENSE
Based on what you observed above, complete the following formulae for conjugating FUTURE tense
verbs.
1st and 2nd conjugations: ________________ + ________ + _______________
*EXCEPT
 1st person singular – no ‘i’ before ‘ō’ ending (ex. amābō NOT amābiō)
 3rd person plural – infix and ending are ‘bunt’ (ex. amābunt, habēbunt)
3rd reg., 3rd –io and 4th conj.: ________________ + ________ + _______________
*EXCEPT
 3rd conj.- vowel from Present stem drops (ex. duces NOT ducees)
 1st person sing. – infix and ending are ‘am’ (ex. dī cam, capiam, audiam)
The FUTURE tense of sum, esse is as follows:
1st Person
LATIN FORM
(SING.)
erō
ENGLISH TRANSLATION
(SING.)
I will be
LATIN FORM
(PLURAL)
erimus
ENGLISH TRANSLATION
(PLURAL)
you will be
2nd Person
eris
you will be
eritis
you all will be
3rd Person
erit
he/she/it will be /
there will be
erunt
they will be /
there will be
CONJUGATING THE FUTURE TENSE
Directions: Conjugate the following verbs in the FUTURE tense. Forms with a * have an EXCEPTION
to consult.
1. do, dare, dedī , datus
to give
Conjugation #: ________
Formula for Future Tense: ________________ + ________ + _______________
LATIN FORM
ENGLISH TRANSLATION
LATIN FORM
ENGLISH TRANSLATION
(SING.)
(SING.)
(PLURAL)
(PLURAL)
st
1 Person
*
2nd Person
8
3rd Person
*
2. habeō, habēre, habuī , habitus
to have
Conjugation #: ________
Formula for Future Tense: ________________ + ________ + _______________
LATIN FORM
ENGLISH TRANSLATION
LATIN FORM
ENGLISH TRANSLATION
(SING.)
(SING.)
(PLURAL)
(PLURAL)
st
1 Person
*
2nd Person
3rd Person
*
3. cēdo, cēdere, cessī , cessus
to grant, yield; go
Conjugation #: ________
Formula for Future Tense: ________________ + ________ + _______________
LATIN FORM
(SING.)
ENGLISH TRANSLATION
(SING.)
1st Person
*
LATIN FORM
(PLURAL)
*
2nd Person
*
*
3rd Person
*
*
4. capiō, capere, cēpī , captus
ENGLISH TRANSLATION
(PLURAL)
to take, seize
Conjugation #: ________
Formula for Future Tense: ________________ + ________ + _______________
LATIN FORM
(SING.)
1st Person
ENGLISH TRANSLATION
(SING.)
LATIN FORM
(PLURAL)
ENGLISH TRANSLATION
(PLURAL)
*
2nd Person
3rd Person
5. veniō, venī re, vēnī , ventus
to come, arrive
9
Conjugation #: ________
Formula for Future Tense: ________________ + ________ + _______________
LATIN FORM
(SING.)
1st Person
ENGLISH TRANSLATION
(SING.)
LATIN FORM
(PLURAL)
ENGLISH TRANSLATION
(PLURAL)
*
2nd Person
3rd Person
HW: CONJUGATING THE FUTURE TENSE
Directions: Conjugate the following verbs in the FUTURE tense. Consult pg.
1. mittō, mittere, mī sī , missus
to send
Conjugation #: ________
Formula for Future Tense: ________________ + ________ + _______________
LATIN FORM
(SING.)
ENGLISH TRANSLATION
(SING.)
LATIN FORM
(PLURAL)
ENGLISH TRANSLATION
(PLURAL)
1st Person
2nd Person
3rd Person
2. maneō, manēre, mansī , ------
to remain, stay
Conjugation #: ________
Formula for Future Tense: ________________ + ________ + _______________
LATIN FORM
(SING.)
ENGLISH TRANSLATION
(SING.)
LATIN FORM
(PLURAL)
ENGLISH TRANSLATION
(PLURAL)
1st Person
2nd Person
3rd Person
3. audiō, audī re, audī vī , audī tus
to hear, listen to
10
Conjugation #: ________
Formula for Future Tense: ________________ + ________ + _______________
LATIN FORM
(SING.)
ENGLISH TRANSLATION
(SING.)
LATIN FORM
(PLURAL)
ENGLISH TRANSLATION
(PLURAL)
1st Person
2nd Person
3rd Person
4. sum, esse, fuī , futurus
to be
Conjugation #: ________
Formula for Future Tense: ________________ + ________ + _______________
LATIN FORM
(SING.)
ENGLISH TRANSLATION
(SING.)
LATIN FORM
(PLURAL)
ENGLISH TRANSLATION
(PLURAL)
1st Person
2nd Person
3rd Person
PRESENT  FUTURE TENSE MORPHOLOGY
Directions: The following verbs have been taken from your “Apple, Apple…”text on pg. 6. Identify
their current tense and conjugation number and then rewrite them in the FUTURE tense, maintaining
person and number:
#
Verb Form
1.
dī cit
2.
amābat
3.
terrēbat
4.
dūcit
5.
est
6.
veniunt
7.
dat
Tense?
Conjugation #
Future Form
IRREGULAR
11
8.
sunt
9.
mittunt
10.
capit
IRREGULAR
OLYMPUS’ NEXT TOP GODDESS
1.
erat in Asiā urbs Troia, magna et antiqua. in
somniī s
2. Hecuba, rēgī na Troiae, signum deōrum vidēbat:
faculam
3. claram flammī s creat. rēgulus Aesacus signum
intellegit:
4. ‘ob fī lium Troia cadet, et letum vidēbimus.’
5.
nec Priamus nec Hecuba fī lium interficere cupit,
6. itaque servus eum ad Ī dam portat et ibi relinquit.
fī lius
7. nōn cadit, quod eum ursa servat. fī lius est rēgulus
Paris.
8.
interim, Iuno, Venus, et Minerva mālum aureum
9. cupiunt. quod Paris aequus est et verba vēra dī cet,
10.
Iuppiter eum ad arbitrium legit. deae ad Ī dam, ubi
11.
Paris armentum spectat, veniunt.
12.
Iuno rēgulō dī cit: ‘rēgī na deōrum sum, et tibi
rēgna
13.
magna dabō sī mē legēs.’ Minerva rēgulō dī cit: ‘dea
14.
bellī sum, et gloriam habēbis sī mē legēs.’ Venus
dī cit:
15.
‘virōrum et fēminārum animōs regō. fēmina
16.
pulcherrima in terrā, Helena, tē amābit sī
pulcherrima
antiquus, -a, -um ancient
Aesacus, Aesacī , m. Aesacus
aequus, aequa, aequum fair
arbitrium, arbitriī , n. judgment
armentum, armentī , n. herd
*bellum, bellī , n. war
*cadō, cadere, cecidī , caesus
fall; die
clarus, clara, clarum bright
creō, creāre, creāvī , creatus
create; give birth to
eum (acc. sg. m.) “him”
facula, faculae, f. torch
flamma, flammae, f. flame
gloria, gloriae, f. glory
Hecuba, Hecubae, f. Hecuba
Helena, Helenae, f. Helen
*iam already
*ibi there
Ī da, Ī dae, f. Ida (a nearby
mountain)
intellegō, intellegere, intellexī ,
intellectus to understand
interficiō, -ere, -ēcī , -ectus kill
*legō, legere, lexi, lectus
choose
letum, letī , n. destruction
Menelaus, Menelaum, m.
Menelaus
magnus, magna, magnum
large
mē (acc. sg. f.) “me”
*ob (+ACC) on account of,
because of
oculus, oculi, m. eye
portō, -āre, -āvī , -ātus carry
Priamus, Priamī , m. Paris, the
king
pueritia, pueritiae, f. boyhood
rēgulus, rēgulī , m. prince
relinquō, -ere, ī quī , -ictus
leave
*servō, -āre, -āvī , -ātus save
servus, servī , m. slave
signum, signī , n. sign
somnium, somniī , n. dream
spectō, -āre, -āvī , -ātus watch
stultitia, stultitiae, f.
foolishness
tibi (dat .sg. m.) “to you”
tē (acc. sg. m. ) “you”
Troia, Troiae, f. Troy
*tuus, tua, tuum your
urbs, urbis , f. city
ursa, ursae, f. bear
validus, valida, validum strong
12
17.
dea in oculī s tuī s erō.’ sed Helena virum validum,
18.
Menelaum, iam habet!
19.
20.
ob stultitiam pueritiae deam Venerem Paris legit.
bellum et letum venient ad Troiam.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
13
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
CHECK: ________
14
TEXTUAL ANALYSIS – ‘OLYMPUS’ NEXT TOP GODDESS’
Grammar and Translation REVIEW
1. What is the case and function of somniī s in line 1?
15
2. What is the case of signum in line 2?
a. How do you know signum is in this case?
3. What tense of vidēbat in line 2?
4. What is the case of flammī s in line 3?
5. What tense is cadet in line 4?
6. What does the word lectum refer to?
7. interficere in line 5 is an
verb form and is translated with the verb
8. What direct object must be implied in the clause ibi relinquit in line 6?
9. The best translation of cadit in line 7 is
10. What is the case and function of rēgulus in line 7?
11. What is the best translation for legit in line 10?
12. The noun deae could either be in the
or the
in this sentence it is in the
case;
case because the verb veniunt is plural
13. The noun rēgulō in line 12 is in the
case
14. The person, number and tense of the verb sum in line 12 is
15. The verb dabō is in the
,
,
tense
16. Find 3 GENITIVE nouns from the passage:
,
,
,
17. The noun stultitiam on line 19 is in the accusative case because it is the
Context REVIEW

In lines 1, the reader learns that Troy is a city in
and that is both
and
16

Hecuba, the queen of Troy, has a

Aesacus interprets this as a
that she gives birth to a
that Hecuba will give birth to a
who will cause the

of the city of Troy
Once king Priam and queen Hecuba realize that their
will bring about the
of their city, they decide to have a
and leave him there to
take him to a nearby mountain
. Contrary to expectations, however, he survives with the
care of a

Meanwhile back at the wedding of
and
, the three
goddesses Juno, Venus and Minerva are still all fighting to be named ‘
and win the golden apple. To judge the contest, Jupiter chooses
winning goddess because the boy is both
‘
to select the
and
, as can
be seen in line 9

When Jupiter chooses
as the judge, he is working as a
,
looking after his flock on Mt. Ida

Juno promises the prince

Minerva vows that the prince will have

Venus claims that she has control over
, as she is queen of the gods
if he selects her
and
therefore can make the most beautiful woman in the world love him

(Little does he know, though, that Helen already has a
,
Menelaus!)

The prince chooses
an action which will bring both
because of his
and
, unknowingly taking
to his birthplace.
CHECK:
17