Download Academic Physics Semester II Review Sheet

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Academic Physics Semester II Review Sheet:
Momentum:
1. What is formula for momentum? What is the unit of momentum?
2. What is the difference between momentum and mass?
3. Which has greater mass, a bowling ball at rest or a rolling basketball? Which has greater momentum?
4. Is linear momentum conserved, when two objects collide and stick together? Is kinetic energy
conserved?
5. Why, when you release an inflated but untied balloon, does it fly across the room?
6. How can a rocket change direction when it is far out of space and is essentially in a vacuum?
7. A boy stands in the middle of a perfectly smooth, frictionless, frozen lake. How can he set himself in
motion?
8. When rain falls from the sky, what happens to its momentum as it hits the ground?
9. What is impulse? What is the unit of impulse?
10. What is the difference between impulse and momentum? How does impulse relate to momentum?
11. When a glass falls, will the impulse be greater if it lands on plush carpet than if it lands on a hard floor?
12. When a small car meshes with a large truck in a head-on collision, which of these two experiences
greater change in momentum?
13. A 45 kg woman runs at a speed of 5.6 m/s. What is her momentum?
14. A certain bowling ball rolls at a constant speed of 5 m/s. If the momentum of the ball is 42.5 kg∙m/s,
what is its mass?
15. What is the speed of a 0.25 kg arrow with a momentum of 8 kgm/s?
16. A 1500 kg car travels 400 m in 12 s. What is its momentum?
17. An electron has a mass of 9.1x10-31 kg. What is its momentum if it is travelling at a speed of 3.5x106 m/s?
18. A 3 kg stone is dropped from a height of 4 m. What is its momentum as it strikes the ground?
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19. A 0.17 kg hockey puck slows down from 54 m/s to 35 m/s when it slides on horizontal ice surface. Find
the change in momentum of the puck?
20. A 0.01 kg bullet is fired at 250 m/s into a wooden block that is fixed. The bullet emerges from the block
with a speed of 120 m/s. What is the change in momentum of the bullet?
21. A 0.05 kg tennis ball moves at a speed of 10 m/s and is struck by a racket causing it to rebound in the
opposite direction at a speed 16 m/s. What is the change in momentum of the ball? What is the impulse
exerted on the ball? What is the impulse exerted on the racket?
22. A 0.25 kg beach ball rolling at a speed of 7 m/s collides with a heavy exercise ball at rest. The beach ball
bounces straight back with a speed of 4 m/s. That is the change in momentum of the beach ball? What is
the impulse exerted on the beach ball? What is the impulse exerted on the exercise ball?
23. A 0.16 kg hockey puck is moving on an icy horizontal surface with a speed of 5 m/s. A player strikes the
puck by a hockey stick, after the impact the puck moves in opposite direction with a speed of 9 m/s. If
the puck was in contact with the stick for 0.005 s, what is the average force on the puck by the stick?
24. A constant force of 12 N acts for 5 s on a 5 kg object. What is the change in object’s velocity?
25. A small object with a mass of 1 kg moves in a circular path with a constant speed of 5 m/s. What is the
change in momentum during ½ of period; one period?
26. Determine the momentum of a system of the two objects. One object, m1, has a mass of 35 kg and a
velocity of 3.7 m/s towards the east and the second object, m2, has a mass of 57 kg and a velocity of 4.3
m/s towards the west.
27. Determine the momentum of a system of the two objects. One object, m1, has a mass of 35 kg and a
velocity of 3.7 m/s towards the north and the second object, m2, has a mass of 57 kg and a velocity of
4.3 m/s towards the south.
28. Determine the momentum of a system that consists of three objects. One object, m1, has a mass of 12
kg and a velocity 120 m/s towards the east, a second object, m2, has a mass of 25 kg and a velocity 18
m/s towards the west and the third object, m3 has a mass of 1 kg and a velocity of 350 m/s towards the
east.
29. Two football players with mass 85 kg and 110 kg run directly toward each other with speeds 4 m/s and 7
m/s respectively. If they grab each other as they collide, what is the combined speed of the players just
after the collision?
30. An air track car with a mass of 0.55 kg and velocity of 5.8 m/s to the right collides and couples with a
0.45 kg car moving to the left with a velocity of 3.9 m/s. What is the combined velocity of the cars just
after the collision?
31. An air track car with a mass of 0.25 kg and velocity of 3.4 m/s to the right collides and couples with a
0.45 kg car moving to the left with a velocity of 3.9 m/s. What is the combined velocity of the cars just
after the collision?
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32. A 15000 kg railroad car travels on a horizontal track with a constant speed of 12 m/s. A 6000 kg load is
dropped onto the car. What will be the car’s speed?
33. A 55 kg skater at rest on a frictionless rink throws a 3 kg ball, giving the ball a velocity of 8 m/s. What is
the velocity of the skater immediately after?
34. A 0.015 kg bullet is fired at a 1.5 kg block initially at rest. The bullet, moving with an initial speed of 500
m/s, emerges from the block with a speed of 400 m/s. What is the speed of the block after the collision?
35. A 40 kg surfer jumps off the front of a 20 kg surfboard moving forward. Find the surfboard’s velocity
immediately after the girl jumps, assuming that the surfboard’s initial velocity is 8 m/s and the girl’s
velocity when jumping off the front is 3 m/s.
36. A 40 kg surfer jumps off the back of a 20 kg surfboard moving forward. Find the surfboard’s velocity
immediately after the girl jumps, assuming that the surfboard’s initial velocity is 8 m/s and the girl’s
velocity when jumping off the board is 3 m/s.
Electric Current and Circuits:
1. An electric iron with a resistance of 49 Ω is connected to an electrical line with 120 V of voltage. What is
the current in the iron?
2. How much voltage must be applied across a 0.35 Ω wire in order to create a 30 A current?
3. A 0.5 A current flows through a light bulb when 120 V is applied across it: what is the resistance of the
light bulb?
4. Calculate the electric current in a wire, whose resistance is 0.45 Ω, if the applied voltage is 9 V.
5. How much voltage is needed in order to produce a 0.25 A current through a 360 Ω resistor?
6. What is the resistance of a rheostat coil, if 0.05 A of current flows through it when 6 V is applied across
it?
7. What is the power consumption of a flash light bulb that draws a current of 0.28 A when connected to a
6 V battery?
8. A hair dryer’s electric motor has a resistance of 24 Ω: how much power is delivered to it by a 120-V
power supply?
9. What power does a toaster with 15 A of current and 20 Ω of resistance consume?
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10. A mobile phone consumes 3.5 W of power when connected to a 9-V battery. What is the resistance of
the player?
11. A 40 Ω electric motor consumes 350 W of power. How much current flows through the motor?
12. How much voltage must be applied across a 450 Ω resistor in order for it to consume 120 W of power?
13. Three resistors with values of 12 Ω, 24 Ω and 6 Ω are connected in series to one another and a 24 V
power supply. Find the current through each resistor. Find the voltage drop across each resistor. What
is the total voltage drop across all the resistors?
14. Four resistors with values of 5 Ω; 2.5 Ω; 7.5 Ω; and 10 Ω are connected in series to each other and a 50 V
power supply. Find the current through each resistor. Find the voltage drop across each resistor. What
is the total voltage drop across all the resistors?
15. Three resistors with values of 6 Ω, 9 Ω, and 12 Ω are connected in series to each other and to a battery,
as shown above. The voltmeter in the circuit reads 18 V. Determine the reading of the ammeter and
the voltage of the battery.
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A
16. Two resistors with values of 4 Ω and 2 Ω are connected in series, as shown above. The ammeter reads
1.5 A. What is the reading of the voltmeter?
17. In the above diagram, a 6 W, 12 V light bulb is used in series with a 120 V power supply. To what
resistance would you need to set the adjustable resistor, R1, so that the light bulb operates properly?
18. Three resistors with values of 5 Ω, 15 Ω and 25 Ω are connected in parallel to each other and the
combination is connected in series to a 120 V power supply. Find the current through the circuit as well
as its total power consumption.
19. A 5 Ω resistor is connected in parallel to an 8 Ω resistor and the combination is connected in series to a
DC power supply. A 0.25A current passes through the 5 Ω resistor: what is the current passing through
the 8- Ω resistor? How much current flows through the power supply?
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A1
A2
A3
20. In the above circuit, two light bulbs, L1 and L2, are connected in parallel to one another and the
combination is connected in series to a 120 V power supply. The resistances of the light bulbs are 480 Ω
and 360 Ω respectively. Find the reading of each ammeter shown in the circuit.
21. Three resistors with values of 2 Ω, 4 Ω and 6 Ω are connected in parallel with each other and the
combination is connected in series with the battery. The ammeter in the circuit reads 0.5 A. Find the
current through each resistor and through the battery.
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22. In the above diagram, four resistors with values of 6 Ω; 3 Ω; 15 Ω; and 30 Ω are connected in parallel
with one another and the combination is connected in series to a 24 V battery. Find the total resistance
of the circuit and the current through the battery.
A1
A3
A2
23. In the above circuit, two resistors with values of 15 Ω and 30 Ω are connected in parallel to each other
and the combination is connected in series to a 12 V battery. Find the readings of each meter when the
switch is closed.
24. Three resistors with values of 8 Ω, 20 Ω and 16 Ω are connected in parallel to each other and the
combination is connected in series to a 36 V battery. Find the total resistance of the circuit and the
current passing through each resistor. How much current flows through the battery?
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25. Four light bulbs, L1; L2; L3; and L4 are connected together in a circuit as shown in the above diagram.
They are dissipating the following amounts of power: 50 W; 25 W; 100 W; and 75 W. Find the total
resistance of the circuit and the current through the power supply.
Electric Charge and Force:
1. What happens between a plastic rod rubbed with a piece of animal fur and a glass rod rubbed with a
piece of silk when they are brought close to each other?
2. What happens when two glass rods are rubbed with silk and they are brought close to each other?
3. Eight electrons orbit a neutral oxygen atom. How many protons are in the nucleus?
4. When an electron is removed from a neutral atom, what is the net charge on the atom? What is this
type of atom called?
5. A glass rod obtains a positive charge after being rubbed by silk. Is this due to the glass gaining protons,
or losing electrons? Explain.
6. Describe two ways that you can give an electroscope a positive charge.
7. A positively charged rod attracts a metal ball suspended at the end on an insulating string. Explain the
mechanism of attraction.
8. An electroscope (insulated from ground) is charged negatively and a charged rod is brought very close
but does not touch the electroscope. As a result the leaves move further apart. What kind of electric
charge is on the rod?
9. Two light paper strips are suspended at the ends of two insulating strings, and are far apart from each
other. One paper strip is charged and the other is not charged. Design an experiment to determine
which strip is charged.
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10. A student touches an electroscope with his hand at the same time he brings a positively charged rod
close to the electroscope without touching. When he removes his hand first and then moves the rod
away from the electroscope the leaves move apart. Why? What type of charge is on the leaves?
11. Two charges repel each other with a force of F0. One of the charges is replaced with another charge that
is three times its magnitude. What is the new force between these charges in terms of F0?
12. Does the mass of a charged object affect the electrical force between it and another charged object?
13. Two negative charges of 2.5 μC and 9.0 μC are separated by a distance of 25 cm. Find the direction (in
terms of repulsive or attractive) and the magnitude of the electrostatic force between the charges.
14. Two charges of +2.6 μC and –5.4 μC experience an attractive force of 6.5 mN. What is the separation
between the charges?
15. What is the distance between two charges, +7.8 μC and +9.2 μC, if they exert a force of 4.5 mN on each
other?
16. A –4.2 μC charge exerts an attractive force of 1.8 mN on a second charge which is a distance of 2.4 m
away. What is the magnitude and sign of the second charge?
17. Two equal negative point charges repel each other with a force of 18.0 mN. What is the charge on each
object if the distance between them is 9.00 cm? How many extra electrons are on each object?
18. Two charged conducting spheres have net charges of +4.0 μC and -8.0 μC and attract each other with a
force of 16 mN. The spheres are brought into contact and then moved apart to the initial distance. What
is the new force between the spheres? Is this force attractive or repulsive?
Magnetism:
1. 1. A Magnet has a north and a south pole. If you cut the magnet in half, describe what happens to each
end of the two pieces. How many times can you cut the magnet in half and get this same result?
2. Can you find a magnet with just a north pole? Why or why not?
3. Electric Field lines start on a positive charge and end on a negative charge. Describe the behavior of a
Magnetic Field line.
4. What Field circles a current carrying wire?
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5. Draw the Magnetic Field lines created by the below two bar magnets
S
N
N
S
6. Draw the Magnetic Field lines created by the below two bar magnets.
S
N
S
N
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Waves:
1. The distance traveled by a wave in one period is called?
2. Express the relationship between the speed of a wave traveling with a wavelength λ, frequency f, and
period T (hint: provide the formula(s))?
3. The frequency of a wave is doubled when the wavelength remains the same. What happens to the
speed of the wave?
4. The frequency of a wave increases when the speed remains the same. What happens to the distance
between two consecutive crests?
5. Express the shape/behavior of transverse waves?
6. Express the shape/behavior of longitudinal waves?
7. A wave pulse, as seen below, travels a long a thin part of a horizontal cord and reaches another part of
the cord that is much thicker and heavier. Which of the following is true about the reflected and
transmitted pulse by the boundary in the cord?
8. A wave pulse travels a long a thick part of a horizontal cord and reaches another part of the cord that is
much thinner and lighter. Which of the following is true about the reflected and transmitted pulse by
the boundary in the cord?
9. Two wave pulses, as seen below, with equal positive amplitudes travel on a cord approaching each
other. What is the result of the oscillations when the pulses reach the same point?
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10. Two wave pulses, as seen below, one with a positive amplitude and the other with equal negative
amplitude travel on a cord approaching each other. What is the result of the oscillations when the
pulses reach the same point?
A “snapshot” of a wave at a given time is
presented by the graph to the right.
The frequency of oscillations is 160 Hz.
Use this graph for questions 11 - 14.
11. What is the amplitude of the wave?
12. What is the wavelength of the wave?
13. What is the wave speed?
14. What is the wave period?
A “snapshot” of a wave at a given time
is presented by the graph to the right.
The period of the oscillations is 1/100 s
Use this graph for questions 15 - 18.
15. What is the amplitude of the wave?
16. What is the wavelength of the wave?
17. What is the wave speed?
18. What is the wave frequency?
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19. A stretched string of length L = 2 m resonates in two loops.
What is the wavelength of the wave?
20. A stretched string of length L = 6 m resonates in three loops.
What is the wavelength of the wave?
21. A stretched string of length 8 m vibrates at a frequency
of 50 Hz producing a standing wave pattern with 4
loops. What is the speed of wave?
22. A guitar string resonates at a frequency of 500 Hz
forming a standing wave pattern with 5 loops.
What is the fundamental frequency?
23. A guitar string resonates at a fundamental frequency of 300 Hz. Name a frequency that can set the
string into resonance?
24. A fisherman noticed that a wave strikes the boat side every 5 seconds. The distance between two
consecutive crests is 1.5 m. What is the period and frequency of the wave? What is the wave speed?
25. What is the wave speed if the period is 7.0 seconds and the wavelength is 2.1 m?
26. What is the period of a wave traveling with a speed of 20 m/s and the wavelength is 4.0 m?
27. What is the wavelength of a wave traveling with a speed of 6.0 m/s and the frequency of 3.0 Hz?
28. A violin string vibrates with a fundamental frequency of 450 Hz. What are the frequencies of first four
harmonics?
29. A piano string resonates in five loops at a frequency of 250 Hz. What are the first four harmonics?
30. A violin string with a length of 0.50 m resonates in five loops. The wave speed is 200 m/s. What is the
wavelength? What are the first three harmonics?
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Physics Semester II Review Sheet - Key:
Momentum:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13. 252 kgm/s
14. 8.5 kg
15. 32 m/s
16. 50,000 kgm/s
17. 3.185x10-24 kgm/s
18. 26.6 kgm/s
19. -3.23 kgm/s
20. -1.3 kgm/s
21. ∆p = -1.3 kgm/s
Iball = -1.3 kgm/s
Iracket = 1.3 kgm/s
22. ∆p = -2.75 kgm/s
IBB = -2.75kgm/s
IEB = 2.75kgm/s
23. -448 N
24. 12 m/s
25. ∆p1/2 period = -10 kgm/s
∆p1 period = 0
26. -115.6 kgm/s
27. -115.6 kgm/s
28. 1340 kgm/s
29. -2.2 m/s
30. 1.44 m/s
31. -1.29 m/s
32. 8.57 m/s
33. -0.44 m/s
34. 1 m/s
35. 18 m/s
Period:
Name:
36. 30 m/s
Electric Current and Circuits:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
2.45 A
10.5 V
240 Ω
20 A
90 V
120 Ω
1.68 W
600 W
4500 W
23.1 Ω
2.96 A
232.4 V
0.57 A
VR12 = 6.9 V
VR24 = 13.7 V
VR6 = 3.4 V
14) 2 A
VR5 = 10 V
VR2.5 = 5 V
VR7 = 15 V
VR10 = 20 V
15) 2 A
54 V
16) 9 V
17) 216 Ω
18) 36.8 A
4416 W
19) IR8 = 0.155 A
Inet = 0.406 A
20) I1 = 0.33 A
I2 = 0.25 A
I3 = 0.58 A
21) IR1 = 0.25 A
IR3 = 0.17 A
Inet = 0.92 A
22) 1.67 Ω
14.4 A
23) I1 = 0.8 A
I2 = 0.4 A
I3 = 1.2 A
24) 4.21 Ω
IR1 = 4.5 A
IR2 = 1.8 A
IR3 = 2.25 A
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Period:
Inet = 8.55 A
25) 58 Ω
2.06 A
26) -2.2 m/s
27) 1.44 m/s
28) -1.29 m/s
29) 8.57 m/s
30) -0.44 m/s
31) 1 m/s
32) 18 m/s
33) 30 m/s
Electric Charge and Force:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
They attract each other.
They repel each other.
Eight.
Positive. Ion.
The glass loses electrons. Protons are too massive too move, they are physically deep within the
nucleus. Only electrons move.
6. Conduction via a positively charged rod, or Induction via a negatively charged rod and a ground.
7. The metal ball is insulated from ground, so the positively charged rod attracts electrons from the far side
of the sphere to the near side, and then the ball is attracted to the rod.
8. Negative. The rod repels more negative charges from the top of the Electroscope to the leaves, forcing
them apart further.
9. Put a positive rod near each paper slip, without touching. If one repels, then it has a positive charge. If
both are attracted, then the test is inconclusive. Take a negative rod and then the paper that is repelled
has a negative charge. The neutral paper is attracted to both negative and positive rods.
10. This is charging by induction. Negative.
11. 3F0
12. No.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
3.24 N, repulsive
4.4 m
12 m
2.7 x 10-7 C, positive
-1.27 x 10-7 C, 7.95 x 1011 electrons
2.0x10-3 N repulsive
Magnetism:
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1. Each piece will have a north and a south pole. No matter how many times you cut the magnet, each
remaining piece will have a north and south pole.
2. No. Magnetism originates in the atom, so every object has a north and a south pole.
3. Magnetic Field lines form a complete loop and at any point describe the direction that the north pole on
a magnet will point. On a magnet, the lines leave the north pole and terminate on its south pole. The
lines continue through the magnet to complete the loop.
4. A Magnetic Field circles the current.
5.
6.
Waves Section:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
Wavelength
v = λ·f
It doubles
It decreases
The particles vibrate in perpendicular direction with respect to the wave motion.
The particles vibrate along the same direction as the wave motion 7. C
Inverted / Upright
Upright / Upright
It is constructive interference with twice the amplitude
It is destructive interference with zero amplitude
1m
1.5 m
240 m/s
0.0063 s
4m
3m
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17.
18.
19.
20.
Date:
300 m/s
0.01 s
2m
4m
21. 200
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
𝑚
𝑠
100 Hz
600 Hz
.3 m/s, .2 Hz, 5 s
.3 m/s
.5 s
2m
450 Hz, 900 Hz, 1350 Hz, 1800 Hz
50 Hz, 100 Hz, 150 Hz, 200 Hz
.2 m, 200 Hz, 400 Hz, 600 Hz
Period: