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Back Print Name Class Date Assessment Chapter Test A Bacteria and Viruses MULTIPLE CHOICE Write the letter of the correct answer in the space provided. ______ 1. When bacteria reproduce by binary fission, VIRs1 a. two cells produce a third cell. b. two cells produce two more cells. c. one cell produces two cells. d. one cell produces three or more cells. ______ 2. A way to prevent viral infections is through VIRs3 a. genetic engineering. b. bioremediation. c. antibiotics. d. vaccinations. ______ 3. Which of the following is NOT true of bacteria? VIRs2 a. Bacteria change nitrogen into a form plants can use. b. Bacteria change oxygen into nitrogen. c. Bacteria change the sugar in milk to lactic acid. d. Bacteria change harmful chemicals into harmless ones. ______ 4. What organism can live where nothing else lives? VIRs1 a. viruses b. eubacteria c. cyanobacteria d. archaebacteria ______ 5. All bacteria have VIRs1 a. one cell. b. two cells. c. three cells. d. four or more cells. ______ 6. Which of the following is NOT a shape of bacteria? VIRs1 a. crystal b. spirilla c. cocci d. bacilli Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Holt Science and Technology 47 Bacteria and Viruses Back Print Name Class Date Chapter Test A continued ______ 7. Which of the following is NOT a shape of viruses? VIRs3 a. crystal b. spirilla c. sphere d. cylinder ______ 8. What is one function that viruses share with living things? VIRs3 a. They eat. b. They move. c. They reproduce. d. They grow. ______ 9. Viruses reproduce by VIRs3 a. nitrogen fixation. b. the lysogenic cycle and the lytic cycle. c. the lytic cycle only. d. binary fission. ______10. What is one way bacteria help the environment? VIRs2 a. They change oxygen to a form plants can use. b. They change nitrogen to a form plants can use. c. They change oxygen into nitrogen. d. They change nitrogen into oxygen. ______11. What type of medicine is used to kill bacteria? VIRs2 a. antiviral b. insulin c. vaccine d. antibiotic ______12. Which of the following is an example of bioremediation? VIRs2 a. using microorganisms to clean up an oil spill b. using bacteria to make yogurt c. creating plants that are resistant to bacteria d. adding nitrogen-fixing bacteria to the soil before planting crops ______13. Which of the following is an example of genetic engineering? VIRs2 a. using microorganisms to clean up an oil spill b. using bacteria to make yogurt c. creating plants that are resistant to bacteria d. adding nitrogen-fixing bacteria to the soil before planting crops ______14. Which do antiviral medicines do? VIRs3 a. kill bacteria b. kill viruses c. stop viruses from reproducing d. cure viral infections Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Holt Science and Technology 48 Bacteria and Viruses Back Print Name Class Date Chapter Test A continued MATCHING Match the correct description with the correct term. Write the letter in the space provided. a. decomposers ______15. an organism that cannot live on its own VIRs3 b. prokaryote c. producers ______16. eubacteria that make their own food VIRs2 d. eubacteria e. virus ______ 17. bacteria that break down dead organisms VIRs2 f. cyanobacteria ______18. an organism with no nucleus VIRs1 ______19. bacteria that contain chlorophyll VIRs1 ______20. the most common type of bacteria VIRs1 ______21. thick-walled cells in which bacteria store genetic material VIRs1 a. virus b. host c. pathogenic bacteria ______22. an organism that invades a cell and uses it to create more organisms VIRs3 d. endospores ______23. bacteria that cause disease VIRs2 e. bioremediation ______24. use of bacteria to change harmful chemicals to harmless ones VIRs2 ______25. type of cell in which viruses reproduce VIRs3 Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Holt Science and Technology 49 Bacteria and Viruses Back Print RESOURCE PAGE TEACHER SECTION: VIRUSES 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. H J D I B 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 14. Answers will vary. Sample answer: A F E C G Chapter Test A 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. C D B D A A B C B B D A C 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. C E C A B F D D A C E B 15. 16. Chapter Test B 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. endospore bioremediation antibiotic pathogenic viruses antiviral D A A B D B Answers will vary. Sample answer: The first plant cell could have evolved from bacteria similar to cyanobacteria living inside large cells. Cyanobacteria are bacteria that contain chlorophyll, which is used to produce food through photosynthesis. The bacteria could make food while the cell provided the bacteria with an environment in which to live. Eventually, this combination may have allowed cells to produce food, giving rise to the first plants on Earth. 17. 18. 19. Decomposers break down nutrients and make them available to all living things. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria consume nitrogen from the air and break it down into a form that can be used by plants. Some bacteria are used to produce antibiotics. Antibiotics kill bacteria and other microorganisms that cause diseases. Answers will vary. Sample answer: In the lytic cycle, the virus enters a cell and injects it with its genetic material. The virus’s genes reproduce and break out of the cell, killing it. In the lysogenic cycle, the virus puts its genes in a cell, but the genes don’t reproduce right away. They stay inactive. Once they reproduce, they begin the lytic cycle. Answers will vary. Sample answer: Technological advances in transportation have triggered the spread of viruses. Airplanes, trains, and cars have allowed viruses to travel in their human hosts, thereby spreading infections to new locations. Answers will vary. Sample answer: Bacteria can feed on a cell’s nutrients and viruses cannot. Perhaps an antibiotic makes it impossible for bacteria to eat, and so they die. Answers will vary. Sample answer: I would prefer to work with helpful bacteria, doing things such as cleaning up oil spills or other pollution; or I would prefer working with pathogenic bacteria and finding ways to kill them and cure diseases. a. heat lovers b. methane makers c. ocean vents d. swamps e. Dead Sea f. decomposers g. consumers h. dead organisms i. food they make Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Holt Science and Technology 90 Bacteria and Viruses