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Transcript
Newton’s Three Laws of Motion NEWTON’s FIRST LAW- An object at rest will remain at rest and an object in motion will continue in motion UNLESS acted upon by a net force greater than 0. This cart can continue moving at any constant velocity forever with NO force (ZERO Newtons) to keep it moving! The first law is also called the LAW of INERTIA. A B Cart B will resist a change in velocity more than cart A because cart B has more mass. Resistance to a change of velocity is called INERTIA. Greater mass means greater INERTIA. NEWTON’s SECOND LAW- The second law states three things: 1A force acting on a mass will cause the mass to accelerate in the direction of the force, 2the acceleration being proportional to the force and 3inversely proportional to the mass of the object. The mass ( cart) will always 1accelerate in the direction of the force. Force and acceleration ALWAYS act in the same direction. A B Though both carts have the same mass, cart B will have a greater acceleration than cart A because it has a greater force acting on it. (2Acceleration is proportional to force.) A B Cart A and B both have the same force acting on them. Cart A will have a greater acceleration than B because it has less mass. (Acceleration is 3inversely proportional to the mass of the object.) NEWTON’s THIRD LAW- Every action force produces an equal and opposite reaction force. ( Forces always come in equal opposite PAIRS.) Action force Exhaust gasses Reaction force Thrust The two forces are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. They are called an ACTION, REACTION PAIR. Another Action, Reaction pair. The weight of the cart pushes down on the table and the table pushes up with a force equal to the cart’s weight. In this situation you pull on the cart and the cart pulls back on you with a force that is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. A B Here are two astronauts in space. Both have the same mass. Astronaut A pushes on astronaut B. They BOTH move apart at the same rate because they BOTH experience the same force. Each astronaut experiences the same force, but in opposite directions. This is Newton’s third law of motion.