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Unit 1
Vocabulary:
A. Technology
B. Chemistry
C. Scientific Method
D. Hypothesis
E. Independent Variable
F. Dependent Variable
G. Scientific Theory
H. Scientific Laws
I. Scientific Model
____A____The use of knowledge to solve practical problems.
____D____A proposed question or prediction that can be tested.
___G_____A conclusion or answer to a scientific question based on evidence collected in an experiment.
___H_____A description of observed patterns in nature with no attempt at explanation.
___B_____The study of the composition of matter.
___E_____The part of an experiment that is changed to see how it will affect the other parts of the
experiment.
___F_____ The part of an experiment that is measured to see how it responded to changes in the
experiment.
___I_____ A representation of a scientific concept that make it easier to understand.
___C_____ An organized plan for gathering and presenting information.
List the steps of the scientific method in order:
1. Observations
2. __Hypothesis____________
3.__Experiment____________
4. __Analyze Data__________
5. Develop a scientific theory
Multiple Choice
Write the letter that best answers the question or completes the statement on
the line provided.
__A____1. How are science and technology related?
a. Technology is a branch of natural science.
b. Science is a branch of technology.
c. Advances in science may lead to advances in technology and vice versa.
d. Science and technology are not related.
__C____2. What happens when the data in an investigation do not support the original hypothesis?
a. The scientist gives up and starts an investigation on a new topic.
b. The data must be incorrect and are thrown out.
c. The hypothesis will be revised.
d. The data are altered so that they support the original hypothesis.
__B____ 3. Which of the following statements is true about scientific theories?
a. Scientific theories become scientific laws.
b. Scientific theories are never proven.
c. Scientific theories become hypotheses.
d. Scientific theories summarize patterns found in nature.
__B_____4. Why are scientific models important?
a. They prove scientific theories.
b. They help visualize things that are very complex, very large, or very small.
c. They make it harder to understand things.
d. They never change.
MOUTHWASH: The makers of brand A mouthwash want to prove that their mouthwash kills more
bacteria than the other 4 leading brands of mouthwash. They organize 60 test subjects into 6 groups of
10 test subjects. The data for the experiment is shown below.
mouthwash
used
none
A
B
C
D
E
time
mouthwash
was in mouth
60 sec.
60 sec.
60 sec.
60 sec.
60 sec.
# of bacteria in
mouth
(average)
135
23
170
84
39
81
Independent variable:
_____Type of Mouthwash______________
Dependent variable:
_____# of Bacteria____________________
Constants:
______Time in mouth_________________
Control Group:______No mouthwash ___________________________________________
Put the following numbers into scientific notation:
4677.34000 ____4.68 x 103______________
.000003827_____3.83 x 10-6______________
Use your calculator to solve the following mathematical operation:
(4.45 x 103) (3.64 x 106)=___1.62 x 1010________________
(3.49 x 10-2) / (6.75 x 105)=___5.17 x 10-8______________
List three different pieces of equipment and what you would use it for.
Beaker – heating, mixing
Graduated Cylinder – measuring volume
Scale – Measuring mass….
Many others look at your lab equipment booklet
Unit 2
Vocabulary
A. Pure Substance
B. Atom
C. Compound
D. Heterogeneous Mixture
E. Homogeneous Mixture
F. Physical Property
G. Physical Change
H. Chemical Property
I. Chemical Change
___A_____ Types of matter that cannot be separated by physical means.
___E_____ A type of matter that is well mixed and can be separated by physical means.
___C_____ A form of matter that can only be separated by chemical means.
___A_____ The smallest unit of matter.
___I_____ A change in matter that only occurs during a chemical reaction.
___H____ A property of matter that can only be observed when a chemical change is occurring.
___F____ A property of matter that describes observable characteristics of a substance.
__D_____ A type of matter that is unevenly mixed and can be separated by physical means.
__G_____ A change in matter that does not affect the chemical composition of the substance.
Multiple Choice
Write the letter that best answers the question or completes the statement on the line
provided.
____D____1. Water is a compound because it
a. can be broken down into hydrogen and oxygen.
b. has a fixed composition.
c. is made of water atoms joined together.
d. both a and b
____A____2. Which of the following is a characteristic of a mixture?
a. can have varying properties
b. has a fixed composition
c. contains no pure substances
d. both a and b
___A_____3. Which of the following is a physical change?
a. sawing a piece of wood in half
b. burning a piece of wood
c. rust forming on an iron fence
d. a copper roof changing color from red to green
___D_____4. Which of the following is evidence of a chemical change?
a. Iron changes color when heated.
b. Gas bubbles form in boiling water.
c. Balls of wax form when melted wax is poured into ice water.
d. A gas forms when vinegar and baking soda are mixed.
Put a P next to the physical properties and a C next to the chemical properties:
___C___Formation of a gas when mixed with
HCl
__C____Changes color when mixed with
Acetic Acid
___P___Conductivity
___P___Density
__P____Color
__P____Malleability
Categorize each of the following substances as an element (E), compound (C), heterogeneous mixture
(HM), or homogeneous mixture (OM).
___E_____Copper
____C____ Ice
___C_____Carbon Dioxide
___OM_____Milk
___HM_____Seawater
___HM_____Lucky Charms
___HM_____A Big Mac
___HM_____Sand
Label each of the following as the appropriate state of
matter.
A______Gas_______________
B______Liquid______________
C______Solid_______________
Which of the particles are moving the fastest?
Gas
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What is the relationship between temperature and the movement of particles?
As temperature increases, particles move faster
Describe Charles’ Law and Boyle’s Law. Draw a graph that illustrates the laws.
Charles Law states as volume increases, temperature increases
Boyles Law states as volume increases pressure decreases
2) 2.5 cm = ___.0025_______Dm
3) 0.973mm =____.000973_______m
4) 4.98 g =____4980_______Kg
5) 47.8 HL = ____.0478_________dL
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Unit 3 --- Answers given in class
Vocabulary
Nucleus
Protons
Electrons
Neutrons
Atomic Mass (Mass #)
Atomic Number
Isotope
Orbitals
Valence Electrons
_________ A particle that has no charge
_________ The part of the atom where all of the mass of the atom is contained
_________ Positively charge particles found in the atom
_________ Atoms that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.
_________The sum of the protons and neutrons in an atom
_________ The sum of all the protons in an atom
_________ The electrons that are located in the outer most energy level
_________ Regions of space where an electron is likely to be found
_________ A particle that has no mass
Multiple Choice
Write the letter that best answers the question or completes the statement on the line
provided.
_________1. J.J. Thomson’s experiments provided evidence that an atom
a. is the smallest particle of matter.
b. contains negatively charged particles.
c. has a negative charge.
d. has a positive charge.
_________2. Rutherford’s gold foil experiment provided evidence for which of the following
statements?
a. Negative and positive charges are spread evenly throughout an atom.
b. Alpha particles have a positive charge.
c. Gold is not as dense as previously thought.
d. There is a dense, positively charged mass in the center of an atom.
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_________3. Suppose an atom has a mass number of 35. Which statement is true beyond any doubt?
a. The atom has an odd number of neutrons.
b. The atomic number is less than 17.
c. The atom is not an isotope.
d. The number of protons in the nucleus does not equal the number of
neutrons.
________4. Which statement is true about oxygen-17 and oxygen-18?
a. They do not have the same number of protons.
b. Their atoms have an identical mass.
c. They are isotopes of oxygen.
d. The have the same mass number.
List one element that fits the following criteria:
_________ Has 12 protons
_________ A non-metal
_________ Is a neutral atom with 14 electrons
_________ A metalloid
_________ A member of the halogen family
_________A member of the noble gas family
_________ A metal
_________ Has 5 electrons in its outer shell
How many protons, neutrons and electrons does an atom have if it has a mass of 18 an atomic number
of 9 and a charge of -1.
_______Protons
_______Neutrons
_______ Electrons
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UNIT 4
Vocabulary
Ionic bond __________________________________________________
Covalent bond _______________________________________________
Metallic bond________________________________________________
Label each of the following compounds as Ionic (I) or Covalent (C). And name the compound
_____NaCl
__________________________
_____C4Cl3
__________________________
_____Ca3P2
_________________________
_____P3O5
__________________________
Balance the following equations:
Al2O3
C2H6 +
Al +
O2
O2
CO2 +
Write the formulas for the following compounds:
Lead (II) Bromide
_______________
Aluminum Nitride
_______________
Tricarbon Tetraoxide
_______________
Magnesium Fluoride
_______________
H2O