Download World War II Section 1 - Geneva Area City Schools

World War II
Section 1
World War II
Section 1
Axis Aggression
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• Starting Points Map: Europe, 1930s
• Main Idea / Reading Focus
• Germany Expands
• Map: Axis Advances
• Alliances and Civil War
World War II
Section 1
Axis Aggression
Preview, continued
• The War Begins
• Faces of History: Winston Churchill
• Japan Attacks
13-4
WorldCh
War
II Learning Goal/Content Statement
Section 1
• Explain how the consequences of World
War I and the worldwide depression set the
stage for the rise of totalitarianism,
aggressive Axis expansion and the policy of
appeasement which in turn led to World War
II.
World War II
•
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Ch 14-1 Vocabulary
Appeasement
Winston Churchill:
Axis Powers:.
nonaggression pact:
blitzkrieg
Allies
Battle of Britain: (1940)
Hideki Tojo
Isolationism:
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World War II
Ch 14-1 vocabulary
Section 1
• Appeasement : giving in to aggressive demands in order to
avoid war.
•
-Italy/Ethiopia
•
-Japan/Manchuria, China
•
-Germany/Rhineland, Austria, Sudetenland,
Czechoslovakia, Poland p.438
• Winston Churchill: (1874-1965) British prime minister; he
opposed the policy of appeasement and led Great Britain
through WWII.
• Axis Powers: the alliance of Germany, Italy, and Japan in
WWII.
• nonaggression pact: an agreement between nations to not
attack one another.
•
World War II
Ch 14-1 vocabulary
Section 1
• blitzkrieg: a German ―lightning war‖; a fast, forceful style of
fighting used by Germans in WWII
• Allies: the alliance of Britain, France, and Russia in WWII;
joined by the United States after the Japanese bombing of
Pearl Harbor in 1941.
• Battle of Britain: (1940) three month air battle between
Germany and Great Britain fought over Great Britain during
WWII; Britain’s victory forestalled a German invasion.
• Hideki Tojo: (1884-1948) Japanese nationalist and general;
he took control of Japan during WWII. He was later tried and
executed for war crimes.
• Isolationism: staying out of the affairs and wars of other
nations; the position initially held by the United States at the
Beginning of WWII.
World War II
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Section 1
World War II
Section 1
1)World
How did
feel?
Warthe
II Treaty of Versailles make Germans
Section
1 What
was lebensraum? Who was unwilling to do what?
• -severely damaged the German economy
• -terms of the treaty left Germans feeling humiliated
• -Lebensraum (LAY-buhnz-rowm): Hitler wanted
nation to have lebensraum or, ―living space‖ in
which the German people could grow and prosper.
• -Hitler wanted Germany to have more territory.
• -Germany’s neighbors were aware of the threat of
German expansion.
• -no one was willing to fight over Hitler’s words.
2) What
What
World
Wardid
II Hitler begin to do in secret?
Section
1 did
this violate?
• -Hitler realized nobody wanted to fight over his
words or actions
• -became chancellor in 1933
• -Began to secretly rebuild the German military
which had been greatly weakened post WWI
• -violations of Treaty of Versailles
RESENTMENT!!!
• -Hitler signed treaty in 1935 allowing to build
submarines and warships in the name of stopping
the spread of communism; actually planning to
build a mighty German empire.
3)What
World does
War IIHitler do in 1936? What did this violate?
Section 1How do
Britain and France react? Hitler grows what?
• -he was ready to take more direct action
• -March: sent a small armed force into the Rhineland
this was territory that bordered France.
• -Hitler claimed to be reacting to a recent French-Soviet
military agreement , which he said threatened Germany.
• -violates Treaty of Versailles!!!; which required Germany
to stay out of that zone.
• -Britain and France complained about Germany violating
the treaty
• -Britain and France took no direct action  German
troops remained in the Rhineland and Hitler grew bolder.
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Section 1
4.Annexing Austria
Aggressive moves
• Europeans eager to avoid war
Hitler’s demands
• Target-Austria
• Hitler demanded Austrian
officials accept annexation
(Anschluss): officially join
another country
• German-speaking country
• Initial Austrian resistance
• Hitler’s birthplace
• Britain and France did nothing
• Nazi supporters in Austria
• March 1938-unopposed
German forces take over
Austria
• Hitler plotted his moves
• Austria Agreed to annexation
because they knew Germany
could take over forcefully if
needed.
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5.Threats to Czechoslovakia
Another German-speaking population
• Sudetenland eager to be a part of Germany
• Hitler threatened the Czech government
• Czechs prepared for war
Avoiding conflict
• September 1938—meeting in Munich: Munich Agreement: no more territorial demands
• Chamberlain (British) and Daladier (French) agreed not to block Hitler
• British and French were more interested in avoiding conflict.
• Czechs had no support: would fight Germany alone. Accept Germany’s terms.
Policy of appeasement
• Appeasement—giving in to aggressive demands in order to avoid war
• Winston Churchill opposed the policy
• ―Peace for our time‖ according to Chamberlain
• Churchill blasts Chamberlain. ―Why not make a stand (against Hitler) while there is
still a good company of united, very powerful countries?‖
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Appeasement Map
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6)Where
else
World War
II did totalitarian regimes emerge?
Section 1 They
showed a disregard for what?
• -Italy and Japan
• -Showed disregard for the opinions of other
nations NATIONALISM
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7) What did Germany, Italy, and Japan form?
• -formed a series of military alliances
• -AXIS POWERS
• -Anti-Comintern Pact (1936): vs communists
8) WhyWar
were
enemies
to
World
II Germany and Italy seen as natural
Section
1
the Soviet Union? What happens that is surprising?
•
•
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•
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•
•
•
-1930’s Fascist Germany and Italy strongly opposed the Communist
Soviet Union
-fascism and communism were very different.
-fascism was based in extreme nationalism and loyalty to the state.
-communism sought international change and a classless society.
-Stalin worried about Germany military expansion
-1939 British and French officials discussed a possible alliance with the
Soviets, but Stalin had lost faith in their ability to protect his country from
the Germans. He was secretly negotiating with the Germans.
-NONAGGRESSION PACT: signed between U.S.S.R. and Germany
-allowed further German aggression in Europe
-secret section of the pact recognized each side’s right tot take territory
in Eastern Europe, including dividing Poland into Soviet and German
areas
-News of the pact shocked Britain and France, hoped the Soviets would
support themWWI Russia on the side of The Allies.
9)What
happens
on September 1, 1939? How
was Poland
World
War
II
Section
1
defenseless? What happens on Sept. 3, 1939?
• -Germany launches an attack on Poland; wants
their land
• -*blitzkrieg : ―lightning war‖, it emphasized
speed and close coordination between planes
in the air and fast-moving forces on the ground
• -Polish air force destroyed quickly.
• -Poland countryside offered few natural barriers
to slow the blitzkrieg.
• -Sept. 3, 1939: Great Britain and France
declare war on Germany in response to attack
on Poland.
10)Causes
of World War I and World
War1II
World
War II
Section
Causes of WWI
-Rivalries due to
Similarities
Imperialism:
imperialism
Imperialism vs.
Appeasement
-military alliances Nationalism
Triple Alliance
Alliances: Axis
and Triple
Powers vs.
Entente
Central powers
Militarism
-assassination of
Franz Ferdinand
Causes of WWII
-Era of
Appeasement
*Japan and
Manchuria
*Italy and
Ethiopia, and
Albania
*Germany and
Rhineland,
Sudetenland,
Austria
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German Expansion
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German Expansion
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German Expansion
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11) What happens during combat France and Britain? List 2 facts for each.
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Sept.1939-March 1940 *Sitzkrieg: phony war
April 1940
Hitler invaded Denmark and Norway. Lightly defended.
» This improved Germany’s access to the Atlantic.
» Both countries fell with little resistance.
May 1940
Germans invaded France.
» Germans conquered the Netherlands and stormed into Belgium.
» Belgian, British, and French troops tried to stop the Germans in
Belgium.
» By early June the Germans had trapped hundreds of thousands of
Allied soldiers at the French port of Dunkirk.
» Meanwhile, German forces attacked France through the Ardennes.
The Maginot Line had been bypassed.
June 1940
France surrendered to Germany and Italy.
» The unoccupied part of France was known as Vichy France.
» Many French leaders, including Charles de Gaulle, fled to Great
Britain to organize resistance to German and Vichy control of
France.
**Battle of Britain**: Hitler attempts to invade Britain with Luftwaffe.
Is unsuccessful.
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Maginot Line
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12)What
in June of 1941? Who
does
World
Warhappens
II
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1 this
bring into the war?
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•
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•
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-Hitler broke the non-aggression pact with Stalin and sent
3 million troops into the Soviet Union.
-Brings Russia into the war.
-at first blitzkrieg was very effective
-Soviet Army was large in numbers but ill prepared for war
-Germans had pushed deep into Soviet territory, but had not
managed to reach Russia’s capital of Leningrad by autumn of
1941.
-Germans had not prepared for the extremely harsh
temperatures of the Soviet winter.
-Germans lacked warm clothing and their vehicles and
equipment worked poorly in the cold.
-Soviets begin to fight back in winter of 1941-1942
Germany’s great blunder.
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German Expansion
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German Expansion
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German Expansion
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German Expansion
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German Expansion
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German Expansion
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EUROPE
UNDER AXIS CONTROL
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13)What
Japan?
World
War II had Americans banned to
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1
• -Japan continued territorial expansion moved
into French Indochina.
• -area was rich in oil, rubber, and other natural
resources.
• -WHY WAS U.S. NERVOUS ABOUT
PACIFIC??? Hawaii
• -Nervous American officials banned the sale of
oil to Japan; move was designed to slow the
Japanese war machine.
• -Peace talks continued between Japan and
U.S. but Japan planned for war
13)What
happens
on December 7, 1941?
List at
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II
Section
1 least
3 facts.
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•
•
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-U.S. saw treaty between Germany and Japan as cause for concern
Japan initiates surprise attack on U.S. Navy Pacific Fleet
Attack lasted two hours
December 7, 1941
Fighters and bombers launched from carriers
Raid a success
Major destruction
Heavy casualties
– 2,400 dead
– 200 planes gone
– Eight battleships sunk
• Three carriers survived
• -APPEASEMENT Japan thought all would be forgiven and they
would get their oil back.
14)
What
America’s Response to Pearl
Harbor?
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Warwas
II
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1
• -had a profound impact
• -prior to that point most Americans believed
U.S. should stay out of the war *Isolationism
• -Isolationism common because many
questioned what Allied victory in WWI had
actually accomplished
•
-Did WWI accomplish anything???
• -On December 8, 1941 U.S. declares war on
Japan. Three days later Germany and Italy
declare war on U.S.
World War II
Section 1
Axis Aggression
Main Idea
In the late 1930s Germany, Italy, and Japan used military force to
build empires. Their aggressive actions led to the outbreak of
World War II.
Reading Focus
• In what ways did Germany expand in the late 1930s?
• What alliances did Axis nations make in the 1930s?
• How did the war begin?
• What were the causes and effects of Japan’s attack on the
United States?
World War II
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1.Germany Expands
After World War I
• Treaty of Versailles seriously damaged German
economy. Germany felt humiliated. RESENTFUL
• Adolf Hitler came to power
– Promised to restore Germany’s greatness
– Lebensraum, or ―living room‖
• Hitler wanted more territory
– Neighbors aware of threat
– Memories of World War I still fresh
– No one willing to fight over words
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Rebuilding the German Military
• Hitler controlled German government by 1933
• Secretly rebuilt military
• Unchallenged—openly stated plan to re-arm Germany
• Claimed resisting spread of communism—but empire building
Militarizing the Rhineland
• Direct action in 1936
• Armed force sent to the Rhineland
• French and British complained; no direct action taken
• German troops remained; Hitler grew bolder
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Alliances and Civil War
Hitler builds alliances with other totalitarian governments.
The Axis forms
Spanish Civil War
• Military force to achieve goals
• Political conflict begins in 1936
• Anti-Comintern Pact
– Germany and Japan
• Italy and Germany support
fascist Nationalists
– Prevent spread of
communism
• Soviet Union supports
Republicans
– Oppose USSR
• Nationalists win after years of
fighting
• Italy joins Axis Powers later
• Military alliance
• Pledge aid in event of war
– Francisco Franco
– Fascist dictator
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A Secret Deal with Stalin
• Germany and Soviet Union on opposing sides in Spanish Civil
War
– No direct conflict
– Axis Powers united against Soviet Union
– Soviet leader Joseph Stalin threatened by German expansion
• France and Britain discuss possible alliance with Soviet Union
– Stalin did not trust British or French
– In secret negotiations with Germans
• German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact
– Each side agreed not to attack the other; allowed further
German aggression in Europe
– Secret section divided up territory in Eastern Europe
• News shocked British and French; Hitler definitely on the march
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Identify Supporting Details
With whom did Hitler seek alliances
in the late 1930s?
Answer(s): Japan and Italy; he also signed a
nonaggression pact with the Soviet Union
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The War Begins
September 1, 1939
Devastating effects
• Germany attacked Poland
• Polish air force destroyed
• World War II begins
• Soldiers fought; no match for
German forces
• Blitzkrieg or ―lightning war‖
• No natural barriers in the way
Support for Poland
• Britain and France declared war
on Germany
German troops in position
• On Germany’s western border
• Allies gave no real help
• Hitler eager for assault on
France
• Poland fell into German hands
• Plans for invasion made
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Section 1
1940–1941
Attack on France
• Denmark and Norway captured; the Netherlands and Belgium
followed
• Tank attack through Ardennes; overwhelmed light resistance there
• Heroic Dunkirk rescue; France surrendered in June 1940
Battle for Britain
• Great Britain stood alone against German war machine; Churchill
now leader
• Radar technology secret weapon for air defense
• British stood firm during Battle of Britain; Hitler called off invasion
plans
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Invasion of the Soviet Union
• June 1941, Hitler’s invasion of the Soviet Union
had initial successes
• Major goals of Leningrad and Moscow not
reached before harsh Soviet winter
• Soviet armies had time to rebuild and would fight
back
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Sequence
With what events did the war begin?
Answer(s): invasion of Poland, followed by the
massing of German troops on its western border
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Japan Attacks
Japan’s alliance with Germany was seen as a sign of a war plan.
Japan sent forces to Indochina to secure necessary resources of oil
and rubber. Hideki Tojo held peace talks with the U.S. but planned
for war.
Pearl Harbor
• Surprise attack on U.S. Navy
Pacific Fleet
• December 7, 1941
• Fighters and bombers
launched from carriers
• Raid a success
Two-hour attack
• Major destruction
• Heavy casualties
– 2,400 dead
– 200 planes gone
– Eight battleships sunk
• Three carriers survived
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Isolationism
•
Attack had profound effect
•
Ended desire to stay out of Europe’s war
•
War declared on Japan
•
Germany and Italy declare war on U.S.
•
Allies vs. Axis
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Find the Main Idea
Why did Japan attack the United
States?
Answer(s): American leaders banned the sale of
oil to Japan, which threatened Japan's future
plans in French Indochina.
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German Expansion
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German Expansion
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German Expansion
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German Expansion
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German Expansion
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German Expansion
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