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Heredity Study Guide
Review from textbook
Heredity, Punnett Squares, Reproduction
Study these things: In your JOURNAL
Study these things: NOT in your journal
1. Vocabulary
1. Pedigree HW/Designer Dogs
2. Class Notes (CPR, Genetics, Punnett Squares,
2. Punnett Squares HW
Pedigrees, Reproduction)
3. Reproduction Model
3. DNA Structure page
4. This Review
4. Quiz: Vocabulary & DNA
Concepts you should know and understand:
1. Know all of your vocabulary!
2. Know the steps for Hands-Only CPR
3. Identify the structure, function, and location of the DNA molecule. Know how the base pairs go together.
4. Explain the difference between phenotype and genotype.
5. Distinguish between heterozygous/hybrid and homozygous/pure.
6. Describe the relationship between DNA, a chromosome, a trait, a gene, and alleles. (This is a very BIG idea!)
7. Create a Punnett Square and answer questions regarding the potential offspring.
8. Distinguish between sexual and asexual reproduction: Number of parents, similarity of offspring, and advantages
and disadvantages of each type of reproduction.
9. Be able to read a pedigree and answer questions about it.
◆Mendel’s Work Study the figure. Then answer the following questions.
1. What characteristic in pea plants is being studied in the cross above? ___plant height_____________
2. What are the two alleles of this trait? _______T and t_________
3. Which allele is the dominant allele? Explain how you know. ________T is dominant because both offspring in
generation 2 are tall
4. Which allele is the recessive allele? Explain. ___t (for short) is recessive. Since generation 3 has short plants,
we know the plants of generation two have it, but it is covered up.
5. What alleles do the F1 offspring have? Explain which allele was inherited from which parent. Tt, one
dominant and on recessive inherited from each parent.
Hands-only CPR (2 simple steps):
1. Check for _______hazards _______, check for breathing.
Tap the person and ask "ARE YOU OKAY?!?"
_______Point ______to someone and tell them to _call 911 _________________.
2. Push hard and fast in the center of the chest at a rate of _____100 bpm____,- Songs like “Staying Alive”
Continue until:
1. _________Victim recovers
2. _________911 EMTS arrive ___________________________
3. __________Someone can help you can take over__________________________________________
◆ Building Vocabulary
Match each term with its definition by writing the letter of the correct definition
___G_ 6. genetics
___F__ 7. alleles
___D__8. traits
a.the passing of traits from parents to offspring
__H___9. recessive allele
d.physical characteristics of organisms
__C___10. genes
__B___11. hybrid
__A___12. Heredity
__E___13. dominant allele
e.an allele whose trait always shows up in the organism
b. an organism with two different alleles for a trait
c.factors that control traits
f.the different forms of a gene
g.the scientific study of heredity
h. an allele whose trait is masked in the presence of a dominant
allele
◆ Punnett Squares Complete the two Punnett squares below, and then answer the questions
1. Punnett Square A:
B
B
BB
2. Punnett Square B:
__B___ _b____
b
Bb
Bb
bb
Bb
bb
__b___
b
Bb
bb
__b___
3. In the cross between two black guinea pigs shown in Punnett Square A, what is the probability that an
offspring will be black? _____75%____ White? _____25%____
4. Is it possible that the cross between two black guinea pigs in Punnett Square A would not produce a
white guinea pig? ____Yes_____ Explain.__________yes, there is only a 25% chance of a white guinea pig
because white is the recessive allele_________________
5. What color are the guinea pig parents in the cross shown in Punnett Square B? __Two black, two white
6. Which guinea pig parent(s) in Punnett Square B is homozygous? ___either_____ Which is heterozygous?
_________ Explain how you know. ______Because of the combos inside he square
7. Calculate the probability that an offspring will be black in the cross in Punnett Square B.
__50%_______What is the probability that an offspring will be white? __50%_______
Building Vocabulary
Match each term with its definition by writing the letter of the correct definition on the line beside the term.
__F___ 8. heterozygous
a. a chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that
___A__ 9. Punnett square
can result from a genetic cross
___E__10. genotype
b. the likelihood that a particular event will occur
__G___11. codominance
c. an organism that has two identical alleles for a trait
___B__12. probability
d. an organism’s physical appearance
__C___13. homozygous
e. an organism’s genetic makeup, or allele combinations
___D__14. Phenotype
f. an organism that has two different alleles for a trait
g. inheritance pattern in which the alleles are neither dominant
nor recessive
Answer the following in the space provided.
15. Explain why a person who exhibits a recessive trait must have two recessive alleles
for that trait._________If a dominant allele is present, it always shows.
16. What part of DNA codes for traits shown in genes?_The sequence of the nitrogen bases
Write the letter of each characteristic in the correct area in the Venn diagram.
a. genetic material passed to offspring
Asexual
Reproduction
Sexual
Reproduction
b. one parent
c. two parents
B
d. offspring are diverse
E
e. offspring are identical to each other and to parent
f. can reproduce quickly
F
C
A
D
No, her circle is blank (homozygous recessive)
Yes, he is heterozygous, so the dominant allele will show.
Two boys, one girl
2 offspring did.
2
No, because neither parent has a dominant allele to pass on.