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Meta = change Morph = shape Metamorphic Rock are rocks in which the structure, texture, or composition of the rock have changed. The change is caused by heat, pressure, or a combination of both. Deformation = a change in the shape of a rock caused by a force placed on it. The rock is squeezed and stretched causing it to fold and bend. Two ways rock can undergo metamorphism: Contact Metamorphism Regional Metamorphism Contact Metamorphism Heated by nearby magma More intense the closer the rock is to the magma Near igneous intrusions Some minerals can change into other minerals because of the heat Regional Metamorphism Caused by pressure built up deep in the ground Caused when large pieces of the Earth’s crust collide with each other Causes rock to become deformed and chemically changed These types of metamorphic rocks are found far below most continental rock formations Composition of Metamorphic Rock Mineral composition of rocks can change as the rocks undergo metamorphism The heat and pressure cause minerals to change into other minerals INDEX MINERALS = Minerals that are used by geologists to estimate the temperature, depth within the Earth, and pressure at which a rock undergoes metamorphism Textures of Metamorphic Rock Two types: Foliated and Nonfoliated Foliated Metamorphic Rock Foliated = the texture of metamorphic rock in which the mineral grains are arranged in planes or bands The effects of metamorphism depend on the amount of heat and pressure applied More heat and pressure = cause minerals to separate into distinct bands Sedimentary Shale Slate Phyllite Schist Gneiss Nonfoliated Metamorphic Rock Nonfoliated = The texture of metamorphic rock in which the minerals are not arranged in planes or bands Usually made up on one or only a few minerals Recrystalization = when minerals change in composition or crystals change in size due to the intense heat and pressure Quartz sandstone . . . Quartzite Limestone . . . . . . . . . . . Marble Review: Meta = change Morph = shape Metamorphic Rock = rocks in which the structure, texture, or composition of the rock have changed. The change is caused by heat, pressure, or a combination of both. Deformation = a change of shape, the rock is squeezed . . . stretched . . . folded . . . bent Two ways rock can undergo metamorphism: Contact Metamorphism (heat) Regional Metamorphism (pressure) Composition of Metamorphic Rock Mineral composition of rocks can change Causes = heat and pressure INDEX MINERALS = Minerals used to estimate the temperature, depth, and pressure Textures of Metamorphic Rock Foliated = mineral grains are arranged in planes or bands o More heat and pressure = cause minerals to separate into distinct bands Nonfoliated = minerals are not arranged in planes or bands o One or only a few minerals o Recrystalization = minerals change in composition or crystals change in size