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Metamorphism formation of metamorphic rocks by exposure to high temperature and pressure within Earth. Regional metamorphism is a process that affects large areas of Earth’s crust depending on pressure on the rocks, temperature, and depth below the surface. Contact metamorphism is the local effect that occurs when molten rock meets solid rock; high temperature and moderate to low pressure form minerals Hydrothermal metamorphism occurs when very hot water reacts with rock, altering its mineralogy and chemistry. Foliated: minerals are squeezed under high pressure and arranged in wavy layers and bands. Nonfoliated: mineral grains with long axes in one direction. Porphydroblasts are large crystals that form in solid rock by the reorganization of atoms during metamorphism. • • • • Interactions among Earth’s water, air, land, and living things can cause rocks to change from one type to another. The continuous processes that cause rocks to change make up the rock cycle. When magma cools and hardens beneath the surface or as the result of a volcanic eruption, igneous rock forms. Weathered pieces of earth materials are sediments. Sediments are compacted and cemented to form sedimentary rock. Under extreme pressure and temperature conditions, sedimentary rock will change into metamorphic rock.