Download Common Bone Features: Holes and Depressed Areas

Common Bone Features: Articular Surfaces
• Covered by hyaline cartilage
• _______________- large, round
(usually distal) articular surface
• _______________- spherical
proximal end of a long bone at
the articular surface
• ___________- flat articular
surface
Common Bone Features: Holes and
Depressed Areas
• _________________:
A hole in a bone.
– Usually allow the passage
of nerve or blood vessel or
may exist simply to lighten
structure (pelvis)
• ______________: A
depressed or sunken area
on the surface of a bone.
– Usually occupied by
muscles or tendons.
The Skeleton
• ________________ Skeleton = Bones of
head and trunk
– skull, hyoid bone, vertebrae, ribs,
sternum
• ____________________ Skeleton =
Bones of limbs
– thoracic and pelvic limbs
• ______________ Skeleton = bones
formed in the soft organs.
AXIAL SKELETON
Skull
• Bones joined by immovable joints called ______________.
– exception: the ________________ is freely movable as it is
connected to the rest of the skull by a synovial joint.
• Skull bones are divided into 3 regions:
– Bones of the ________________
– Bones of the ________________
– Bones of the ________________
• Within each region, there are external (visible) and
internal (hidden within the skull) bones
Bones of the Cranium
• Cranium -portion of skull that surrounds the brain.
• With the exceptions of Occipital, Ethmoid, and Sphenoid, the
bones of the cranium are paired
• Single bone, most caudal skull
bone.
• Importance:
– Spinal cord exits skull through
______________ ______________
– Condyles articulate with first
cervical vertebrae (atlas) to form
____________________________
(yes) joint.
Occipital Bone
Parietal Bones
• Two bones that form the dorsolateral walls of the cranium
• Well developed in small animals and humans, but relatively small in
large animals.
Interparietal Bones
• Located on dorsal midline between occipital and parietal bones
• Easier to identify in young animals, may fuse together in older
animals.
• Ventral to the parietal bone
• Contain middle and inner ear structures which are within the
External acoustic meatus.
• Form the ______________________ joints with the mandible
and zygomatic __________ with the zygomatic bone.
Temporal
Bones
Frontal Bones
• Form ______________ region of skull and a portion
of the eye’s orbit.
• Located rostral to parietal bone.
• Contain frontal sinus
• ____________ are extension of frontal bone.
Internal (hidden) Bones of the Cranium
• Sphenoid Bone
– Forms____________ portion of the cranium and contains a
fossa, which houses the ____________ gland.
• Ethmoid Bone
– Located rostral to sphenoid bone.
– Contains _____________ plate which has branches of
olfactory nerve passing through.
Bones of the Ear (Ossicles)
• Hidden in the middle ear
• Order from the outside in:
– ____________-hammer
– ____________-anvil
– ____________-stirrup
• Function is to transmit vibrations
from the eardrum to the inner ear
Bones of the Face
• With the exception of Turbinates, Vomer, and possibly Mandible,
bones of the face are paired.
External Bones of the Face
• Incisive:
– Most _______________ skull
bones
– In common domestic animals,
this bone houses upper incisor
teeth. Exception: ruminants
• Nasal:
– Form the _______________ of
the nose.
– Length varies
External Bones of the Face
• Maxillary
– Form the ____________ jaw
with incisive bone
– House all teeth besides
incisors
– Form rostral part of
__________ palate
– contain maxillary sinus
• Lacrimal
– Form the medial portion of
the orbit of the eye.
– Contain lacrimal sac which is
part of tear system.
External Bones of the Face
• Zygomatic
– form portion of orbit
– join with temporal bone to
form zygomatic ____________
• Mandible
– lower jaw
– houses all lower teeth
– only _________________ skull
boneb
– forms TMJ with temporal bone
– 2 bones may come together at
mandibular ________________
– 2 parts: ramus (vertical) and
shaft (horizontal)
Internal Bones
of the Face
• ____________________ Bones:
– form caudal part of _______ palate
• ____________________ Bones:
– Support part of the lateral walls of
the ____________ (throat).
• ____________________Bone:
– Forms part of nasal septum
(midline wall between left and
right nasal passages).
• _____________ _________________:
– Also called nasal conchae.
– Thin and scroll-like that fill most of
nasal cavity space.