Download Periodic Trends

Periodic
Trends
Learning the periodic table
Three major trend seen in
the periodic table
• Radius of the atom
– Distance between the nucleus and
outermost electrons
• Ionization energy
– Energy needed to remove outer
most electrons
• Electron Affinity
– Change in energy with addition of
elections
Atomic Radius
• As the number of
protons increases
the pull on the
electrons increase,
which decreases the
size of the atom.
• As the number of
shells increase, the
size of the atom
increases
Ionization Energy
Ionization Energy
• The farther the electron is
from the nucleus,
• The easier it is to remove
the electron.
• Larger atoms lose electrons
more easily than smaller
atoms.
Electron Affinity
Electron Affinity
• Electron affinity is based on
the atoms’ ability to attract
additional electrons.
• Why do atoms attract
additional electrons?
• To complete the octet!
Electron Affinity is related to
Electro Negativity
Electro negativity
• Is the ability to attract
electrons.
• Fluorine has the highest
electro negativity.
• The closer the element to
Fluorine, the higher the
electro negativity.
• Top number is the
Atomic Number. It is
the number of
protons which
equals the number
of electrons
• The bottom number
is the Atomic Mass.
The average
number of Protons
and Neutrons in an
element.
What are Valence
Electrons??
They are the outer most
electrons
On the periodic table :
These are models:
• What is a model?
• A person’s interpretation of
observed events.
• They are not what is actually
occurring.
A more
accurate model
• The orbital model