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7th grade - Ancient Rome Study Guide
Mosley/Ashe/Stingley
1. While the Romans considered the Germans barbarians who did not share their culture, in fact
a. the Romans had borrowed much from German culture.
c. the Germans adopted many parts of Greco-Roman
b. the Germans were from Barbary.
culture.
d. the Persians caused the empire to fall.
2. Late Roman Empire
A.D. 180
The Pax Romana ends.
A.D. 235-284
Imperial Crisis occurs.
A.D. 285
Diocletian divides the empire.
A.D. 312
Constantine converts to Christianity.
A.D. 410
Goths sack Rome.
A.D. 476
Roman Empire in the west ends.
How many years passed between the end of the Pax Romana and the stabilization of the empire by Diocletian?
f. More than 200 years
h. Less than 100 years
g. More than 100 years
j. About 5 years
3. The tradition that includes common elements of both Judaism and Christianity is called the ____________ tradition.
a. Trinity
c. Judeo-Christian
b. Gospel
d. New Testament
4. After winning civil wars, the military commanders Sulla and Caesar
f. left the army.
h. made themselves dictators.
g. urged the poor to riot.
j. joined the senate.
5. When the Pax Romana ended, Roman leaders gained power more from
a. the senate.
c. the colonies.
b. the people.
d. the military.
6. How did Rome’s conquests change the Roman army?
f. Rome convinced the people it conquered to volunteer for its army.
g. Rome was able to reduce its army after it conquered nearby enemies.
h. Rome’s allies, who were often conquered people, contributed troops to help the Romans fight.
j. Rome learned how to survive without an army.
7. How did Rome's position on the Tiber River protect it from attacks by boat?
a. The Tiber was too deep for warships.
c. Rome was too undesirable a port to attack.
b. The Tiber moved too fast for warships.
d. Rome was low enough to attack by foot.
8. In the newly formed Roman republic, who could be active in government?
f. Every person
h. All free adult males
g. All adult males
j. All free adults
9. Which event led to the arrival of Goths in Roman lands?
a. The movement of the Huns into Europe
c. Constantine’s rise to emperor following Diocletian’s
b. The battle of Adrianople
death
d. A Roman attack on their homeland
10. The Roman poet Horace wrote
f. the Aeneid.
h. Odes.
g. the Iliad.
j. Almagest.
11. What was the result of Rome’s conquest of Carthage?
a. Rome now had control of more lands along the eastern Mediterranean.
b. Rome now had control of more lands along the western Mediterranean.
c. Rome now had control of more lands to the north.
d. Rome’s territory did not change after the conquest.
12. Which of the following was something that both wealthy and poor Romans had in common?
f. Having running water in the home
h. Living in a villa
g. Worshiping the Roman gods
j. Owning many slaves
13. Which of the following were advantages that concrete had over stone?
1. Concrete was lighter than stone.
2. Concrete was heavier than stone.
3. Concrete was easier to work with than stone.
4. Concrete required less skill than did stone.
a. 1 only
c. 1 and 2
b. 1 and 4
d. 1, 3, 4
14. How did Greek mythology become part of Roman culture?
f. The Romans told myths about Greek gods.
h. The Romans wrote completely new myths.
g. The Romans identified their gods with Greek gods.
j. The Romans learned Greek myths from the
Phoenicians.
15. Why was most Roman trade conducted by sea, rather than by land?
a. Sea trade was safer, faster, and cheaper.
c. Sea trade was dangerous, but very fast.
b. Land routes were faster, but more expensive.
d. Land routes were impossible in most cases.
16. Part A: Which of the following groups rebelled against the Romans?
Part B: In what area?
f. Jews in Judea
h. Greeks in Rome
g. Plebeians in Jerusalem
j. Pharisees in Asia Minor
17. More than any other event, followers of Jesus were convinced he was the Messiah by
a. the wisdom of his teachings.
c. their belief in his resurrection.
b. the huge following he attracted.
d. his crucifixion.
18. Roman persecution of Christians
f. strengthened many Christians’ faith.
g. was ended by Nero in A.D. 250.
h. was begun by the Emperor Constantine in A.D. 380.
j. resulted in the growth of the Jewish faith in many
European countries.
19. Which of the following was considered the main role of Roman women?
a. They elected magistrates.
c. They managed the family business.
b. They bore and raised children.
d. They passed important laws.
20. One way that Greco-Roman culture spread was by extending _________ to all free persons in the empire.
f. colonies
h. currency
g. citizenship
j. Christianity
21. The Romans enjoyed large-scale public entertainments, so they developed
a. the amphitheater.
c. aqueducts.
b. concrete.
d. the baths.
22. The last leader to rule over both the eastern and western Roman empires was
f. Constantine.
h. Diocletian.
g. Theodosius.
j. Odoacer.
23. Which of the following best characterizes the Romans’ attitude toward other cultures?
a. Ignorant
c. Stubborn
b. Open-minded
d. Furious
24. How did some magistrates become even wealthier as the Roman republic grew?
f. They stopped paying their slaves.
g. They supported military dictators.
h. They took on more work and sold most of their land.
j. They stole from the provinces and looted from foreign enemies.
25. What was the main reason that the Romans wished to build good roads?
a. To transport food more quickly
c. So soldiers could travel more quickly
b. To make trading more efficient
d. So all roads would lead to Rome
26. How were loyal allies sometimes rewarded by Rome?
f. They were made Roman citizens.
h. They were freed from taxes.
g. They were given back their land.
j. They were made senators.
27. Our information about the life of Jesus comes mainly from
a. the Pharisees.
c. the Zealots.
b. the Gospels.
d. Jewish teachings.
28. How did Italy's geography help the Romans conquer the Italian Peninsula?
f. It was easy for soldiers to travel across.
h. It had no major waterways to cross.
g. It was too mountainous for invaders.
j. It had easy access to the rest of Europe.
29. Which of the following measures best demonstrates the Romans' fear of overly powerful
officials?
a. Limits on time in office
c. Division of patricians and plebeians
b. Use of togas
d. Tradition of the Race of Honors
Completion: Complete each statement.
30. The Roman empire was divided into smaller areas called _________.
31. After his death, Augustus was officially made a god, or _______________.
32. The top officials in the Roman republic were the ___________. Their most important job was to lead the army.
33. Christians believe in one God who exists in three forms as the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. These three forms are
called the ______________.
34. The Romans, who enjoyed large-scale public entertainment, developed the round theater or __________________.
35. Emperors debased the currency during the Imperial Crisis. This led to economic problems, including _____________.
36. Christians call the Hebrew Bible the _________________, and their own writings the ___________________.
37. The father of a family, who had complete control over his wife and children, was called the _______________.
38. Followers of Jesus were convinced he was the Messiah by their belief in his _________________.
39. Starting with Octavian, Roman emperors took the title ________.
Short Answer
40. What about a tribune’s role in government made him a particularly powerful official?
41. An event occurred in A.D. 79 in the Roman empire that helped modern historians learn a great deal about Roman culture,
although it was a disaster for the people who experienced it. Describe this event and how it contributed to our understanding of
the Roman world.
42. Identify four different ways a person could become a slave in ancient Rome.
43. How did the original gladiatorial games differ from later Roman gladiatorial games?
44. Why was the growth of Christianity a concern for Roman officials?
45. What is Stoicism and which Roman philosopher wrote about Stoicism? Why might some have believed that Stoicism was a
good philosophy to follow?
46. To what ethnic group did the Zealots belong? What actions did they take to oppose Roman rule, and what was the end result of
those actions?
47. Describe the steps that Augustus took to make the Roman empire more stable.
Essay
48. Why do you think Romans made so many advancements in practical technology during the Pax Romana?
49. Describe how some of the differences between poor and wealthy Romans lead to Rome's civil wars and military dictators.
7th grade - Ancient Rome Study Guide
Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. ANS: C
DIF: L3
REF: S. p. 416
OBJ: S.13.5.1 Students will know that problems
including civil wars and foreign invasions led to the decline of the Roman empire.
2. ANS: G
DIF: L3
REF: S. p. 416
OBJ: S.13.5.2 Students will know that the Roman
empire was divided into eastern and western halves, each with its own emperor.
3. ANS: C
DIF: L3
REF: S. p. 413
OBJ: S.13.4.5 Students will know values of the
Judeo-Christian tradition.
4. ANS: H
DIF: L3
OBJ: S.12.4.3. Students will know that the Roman republic was torn apart
by civil war and replaced by the rule of the emperors.
5. ANS: D
DIF: L3
REF: S. p. 414
OBJ: S.13.5.1 Students will know that problems
including civil wars and foreign invasions led to the decline of the Roman empire.
6. ANS: H
DIF: L3
REF: S. p. 369
OBJ: S.12.1.5 Students will know events shaping
the Roman republic and its conquest of Italy.
7. ANS: B
DIF: L3
REF: S. p. 366
OBJ: S.12.1.1 Students will know that the Italian
peninsula and the area around Rome provide many natural advantages.
8. ANS: H
DIF: L3
REF: S. p. 366
OBJ: S.12.1.3 Students will know that the people
of Rome overthrew their kings, founded a republic, and conquered Italy.
9. ANS: A
DIF: L3
REF: S. p. 417
OBJ: S.13.5.3 Students will know that the western
half of the Roman empire collapsed while the eastern half survived.
10. ANS: H
DIF: L3
REF: S. p. 398
OBJ: S.13.2.1 Students will know that the Romans
made many achievements in art, literature, and science.
11. ANS: B
DIF: L3
REF: S. p. 381
OBJ: S.12.4.1 Students will know that the Romans
fought three wars against Carthage and took control of the Mediterranean region.
12. ANS: G
DIF: L3
REF: S. p. 377
OBJ: S.12.3.2 Students will know that life was
very different for different classes of Romans.
13. ANS: D
DIF: L3
REF: S. p. 392
OBJ: S.13.1.6 Students will know Roman
contributions to technology, trade, and culture.
14. ANS: G
DIF: L3
REF: S. p. 367
OBJ: S.12.1.2 Students will know that Roman
culture was influenced by Etruscan and Greek neighbors.
15. ANS: A
DIF: L3
REF: S. p. 394
OBJ: S.13.1.3 Students will know that longdistance trade helped make the Roman empire wealthy.
16. ANS: F
DIF: L3
REF: S. p. 402
OBJ: S.13.3.1 Students will know that many Jews
opposed Roman rule in Judea.
17. ANS: C
DIF: L3
REF: S. p. 405
OBJ: S.13.3.4 Students will know the origins of
Christianity in Roman times.
18. ANS: F
DIF: L3
REF: S. p. 407
OBJ: S.13.3.3 Students will know that Jesus'
followers founded Christianity and spread it to many people, despite Roman persecution.
19. ANS: B
DIF: L3
REF: S. p. 376
OBJ: S.12.3.1 Students will know that Roman men
were the leaders of their families while women had other roles.
20. ANS: G
DIF: L3
REF: S. p. 395
OBJ: S.13.1.4 Students will know that GrecoRoman culture spread across the Roman empire.
21. ANS: A
DIF: L3
REF: S. p. 398
OBJ: S.13.2.3 Students will know that the Romans
pioneered large-scale public entertainment.
22. ANS: G
DIF: L3
REF: S. p. 419
OBJ: S.13.5.5 Students will know important
leaders in the latter years of the Roman empire.
23. ANS: B
DIF: L3
REF: S. p. 367
OBJ: S.12.1.2 Students will know that Roman
culture was influenced by Etruscan and Greek neighbors.
24. ANS: J
DIF: L3
REF: S. p. 381
OBJ: S.12.4.4 Students will know the role of war
in the expansion and later collapse of the Roman republic.
25. ANS: C
DIF: L3
REF: S. p. 392
OBJ: S.13.1.2 Students will know that Rome
reached new heights in practical technology.
26. ANS: F
DIF: L3
REF: S. p. 369
OBJ: S.12.1.5 Students will know events shaping
the Roman republic and its conquest of Italy.
27. ANS: B
DIF: L3
REF: S. p. 403
OBJ: S.13.3.2 Students will know that Jesus was
an influential Jewish teacher whose followers believed he was the messiah.
28. ANS: F
DIF: L3
REF: S. p. 364
OBJ: S.12.1.1 Students will know that the Italian
peninsula and the area around Rome provide many natural advantages.
29. ANS: A
DIF: L3
REF: S. p. 371
OBJ: S.12.2.4 Students will know the structure of
government and division of power in the Roman republic.
COMPLETION
30. ANS: provinces
DIF: L3
REF: S. p. 381
OBJ: S.12.4.1 Students will know that the Romans
fought three wars against Carthage and took control of the Mediterranean region.
31. ANS: deified
DIF: L3
REF: S. p. 390
OBJ: S.13.1.1 Students will know that emperor
Augustus and his successors helped bring about a long period of peace and prosperity known as the Pax Romana.
32. ANS: consuls
DIF: L3
REF: S. p. 374
OBJ: S.12.2.4 Students will know the structure of
government and division of power in the Roman Republic.
33. ANS: Trinity
DIF: L3
REF: S. p. 411
OBJ: S.13.4.2 Students will know that most
Christians share a core set of beliefs, including faith in Jesus as the son of God and in the Trinity.
34. ANS: amphitheater DIF: L3
REF: S. p. 398
OBJ: S.13.2.3 Students will know that the Romans
pioneered large-scale public entertainment.
35. ANS: inflation
DIF: L3
REF: S. p. 415
OBJ: S.13.5.1 Students will know that problems
including civil wars and foreign invasions led to the decline of the Roman empire.
36. ANS: Old Testament, New Testament
DIF: L3
REF: S. p. 408
OBJ:
S.13.4.1 Students
will know that early Christians wrote books about the life of Jesus and other topics that form part of Christianity's scripture.
37. ANS: paterfamilias DIF: L3
REF: S. p. 376
OBJ: S.12.3.1 Students will know that Roman men
were the leaders of their families while women had other roles.
38. ANS: resurrection
DIF: L3
REF: S. p. 405
OBJ: S.13.3.4 Students will know the origins of
Christianity in Roman times.
39. ANS: Augustus
DIF: L3
REF: S. p. 383
OBJ: S.12.4.3. Students will know that the Roman
republic was torn apart by civil war and replaced by the rule of the emperors.
SHORT ANSWER
40. ANS: Tribunes could veto any law or any action by a magistrate. This gave tribunes great power over all the other parts of
the government.
DIF: L3/L4
REF: S. p. 374
OBJ: S.12.2.2 Students will know that the government of the Roman
republic was made up of three separate branches that held different powers.
41. ANS: In A.D. 79, a volcano to the southeast of Rome, called Mt. Vesuvius, erupted, and the Roman city of Pompeii was
destroyed. Many of Pompeii’s buildings were preserved by the volcanic ash, which has aided historians in their study of
ancient Roman culture.
DIF: L3/L4
REF: S. p. 394
OBJ: S.13.1.6 Students will know Roman contributions to technology,
trade, and culture.
42. ANS: A person could become a slave by being born to a slave or being kidnapped by pirates or bandits. A person could also
become a slave if he or she fell into too much debt or was captured in a war.
DIF: L3/L4
REF: S. p. 378
OBJ: S.12.3.4 Students will know gender and class divisions in Roman
society.
43. ANS: The original gladiatorial games were held in southern Italy. They were performed as part of a funeral service and were
meant as a sacrifice to the spirit of the person who had died. Later, in the Roman empire, the games lost this connection and
were staged solely for entertainment.
DIF: L3/L4
REF: S. p. 398
OBJ: S.13.2.3 Students will know that the Romans pioneered large-scale
public entertainment.
44. ANS: While the Romans did not prevent their subjects from worshipping whatever gods they chose, they did require them to
worship Roman gods. Christians, however, refused to do so. They insisted that they could worship only one god. Roman
officials believed that this refusal to worship Roman gods proved that Christians were disloyal to the Roman empire.
DIF: L3/L4
REF: S. p. 407
OBJ: S.13.3.3 Students will know that Jesus' followers founded Christianity
and spread it to many people, despite Roman persecution.
45. ANS: Seneca was the Roman philosopher who wrote about Stoicism, which is a philosophy that urges people to accept
suffering and practice self-control. Some people may have believed this was a useful philosophy because it helped people
prepare for the difficulties that can happen in a lifetime.
DIF: L3/L4
REF: S. p. 398
OBJ: S.13.2.5 Students will know cultural achievements of the Roman
empire.
46. ANS: The Zealots were Jews. They decided to use force to resist the Romans and killed Roman officials. They also refused
to pay taxes. In A.D. 66, they led a rebellion against Rome, but they were defeated by the Romans.
DIF: L3/L4
REF: S. p. 402
OBJ: S.13.3.1 Students will know that many Jews opposed Roman rule in
Judea.
47. ANS: Augustus took many steps to bring peace and stability to the Roman world. He shrank the size of the army and raised
soldiers’ pay. He also won the civil wars that had disrupted life within the empire, and this, in turn, boosted the economy. The
lives of ordinary people improved. Augustus was also known for his efforts to fight corruption.
DIF: L3/L4
REF: S. p. 390
OBJ: S.13.1.1 Students will know that emperor Augustus and his
successors helped bring about a long period of peace and prosperity known as the Pax Romana.
ESSAY
48. ANS: Possible answer: The Pax Romana was a time of economic growth and peace. Because of this, the people would have
had the time, resources, and positive circumstances to allow them to stretch their creative talents. Such a period differs
considerably from times of war or economic instability. During these times, the people are under constant strain and must
expend all their energy merely to survive. When life is calm and people have sufficient financial resources, they can turn their
attention to more creative pursuits.
DIF: L4
REF: S. pp. 391-394
OBJ: S.13.1.1 Students will know that emperor
Augustus and his successors helped bring about a long period of peace and prosperity known as the Pax Romana.
49. ANS: Possible answer: The differences between the life of a poor Roman and that of a wealthy Roman were numerous. Poor
Romans lived in poorly built, crowded buildings. There was little running water and much disease. Wealthy Romans often had
two large homes. They also had slaves doing much of their work for them. Toward the end of the republic, there were more
slaves. They started doing the jobs poor Romans used to be hired to do. Desperate for money, food, and jobs, poor Romans
were glad to be able to join the army when the rules for admittance changed around 100 B.C. These poor soldiers became very
loyal to their military commanders, later supporting them when they argued with the government.
DIF: L4
REF: S. p. 377 | S. pp. 381-383
OBJ: S.12.3.2 Students will know that life was
very different for different classes of Romans.