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MUSCLES Today’s Objectives Identify the different types of muscle we have in our body The location of the major muscle groups Understand the types of Muscle Fibres What movements these muscle groups perform. Muscle Why do we have muscles and what are they used for? They are involved in every movement in your body, inside and out, without them you would not be alive today! How do Muscles work? Muscles work by contracting, which means? They become shorter in length and pull your bones either closer together or further apart. In your body there are 3 types of muscle, can you guess what they are? Types of Muscle There are 3 types which are: 1. 2. 3. Involuntary Voluntary Cardiac Involuntary Muscle It is found mainly surrounding hollow organs, in their walls E.g. Stomach, blood vessels, bladder. Called Involuntary because it works on it’s own. You don’t think about it. It also called smooth muscle. Cardiac Muscle Found only in the walls of the heart It is special involuntary muscle Works non-stop, with constant automatic rhythmical contractions Have no conscious control. VOLUNTARY Attached to bone and the skeleton Voluntary = by your own free will (works when you want it to) Capable of rapid contraction which causes skeletal movement. Called Skeletal / striped muscle it looks stripy under a microscope. Voluntary Muscle – In detail Voluntary muscles form the red meat round your bones. They give shape to your body. Muscles – In Detail The Voluntary muscle you possess is split into large muscle groups responsible for different types of movement. These groups are: Pectorals Deltoids Abdominals Quadriceps Biceps Trapezius Latissimus Dorsi Triceps Gluteals Hamstrings Gastrocnemius Muscles – In Detail Voluntary Muscle – In Detail Each Muscle group produces different types of movement, they are: Deltoids – abduction at shoulder, raise arm sideways. Biceps – flexion of your elbow. Abdominals (4)– Flexion of your trunk. Quadriceps (4)– extension of the leg at the knee. Pectorals – adduction at shoulder across the chest. Latissimus Dorsi – adduction of shoulder behind back. Trapezius – rotation of shoulders, rotation and hyperextension of head. Triceps – extension of the elbow. Gluteals (3)– extension, abduction, adduction of the hip. Hamstrings (3)– Flexion of he leg at the knee. Grastrocnemius – extension of the ankle (stand on your tiptoes) Tendons Voluntary Muscles are attached to your bones by TENDONS. TENDONS are not elastic and attach muscle to bone. Muscle Attachment 1. 2. The Origin – is the point where the muscle tendon attaches to the fixed / stationary bone. The Insertion – is where the muscle tendon attaches to the moving bone. Muscles and Movement Muscles usually work in pairs or groups. E.g. the biceps flex the elbow and the triceps extend the elbow. So when one muscle is contracting the other is relaxing. Muscles and Movement 1. The Prime Mover (Agonist) Is the muscle which is working / contracting and moving the bone. 2. The Antagonist Is the muscle which is relaxing and not working to move the bone. Muscles and Movement Look at the picture opposite, what is the body builder doing? Can you identify which muscles are the agonist / antagonist when he flex’s and extends the elbow? Muscle Fibres Muscles are made up of cells called muscle Fibres. Muscles contract (shorten) because the muscle fibres do. All fibres don’t all contract at same time, it depends on how much force is needed. More fibres will contract in the bicep to lift a book, than a pencil. Muscle fibres There are 2 different kinds of muscle fibres: 1. Slow twitch These contract slowly, and without much force. They do not tire easily, so they are suited for endurance activities E.g. jogging, marathon running, standing for long periods. Fast Twitch Contract much faster than slow twitch fibres. Bigger in size. Hence sprinters are bigger and more muscular than marathon runners. But they tire very easily / quickly. E.g. sprinting weightlifting and throwing. What type of Muscle Fibre is required for the Javelin? Taking a Penalty 800m and 1500m? 3000m/5000m/10,000m Who has the largest concentration of fast twitch muscle fibres?