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MUSCLES
Today’s Objectives
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Identify the different types of muscle we have in
our body
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The location of the major muscle groups
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Understand the types of Muscle Fibres

What movements these muscle groups perform.
Muscle
Why do we have muscles and what are they
used for?

They are involved in every movement in
your body, inside and out, without them you
would not be alive today!
How do Muscles work?
Muscles work by contracting, which means?
They become shorter in length and pull your
bones either closer together or further apart.
In your body there are 3 types of muscle,
can you guess what they are?
Types of Muscle
There are 3 types which
are:
1.
2.
3.
Involuntary
Voluntary
Cardiac
Involuntary Muscle

It is found mainly
surrounding hollow
organs, in their walls
E.g. Stomach, blood
vessels, bladder.

Called Involuntary
because it works on it’s
own. You don’t think
about it.

It also called smooth
muscle.
Cardiac Muscle

Found only in the walls
of the heart

It is special involuntary
muscle

Works non-stop, with
constant automatic
rhythmical contractions

Have no conscious
control.
VOLUNTARY

Attached to bone and the
skeleton

Voluntary = by your
own free will (works
when you want it to)

Capable of rapid
contraction which causes
skeletal movement.

Called Skeletal / striped
muscle it looks stripy
under a microscope.
Voluntary Muscle – In detail

Voluntary muscles
form the red meat
round your bones.

They give shape to
your body.
Muscles – In Detail
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The Voluntary muscle you
possess is split into large
muscle groups responsible
for different types of
movement.

These groups are:
Pectorals
Deltoids
Abdominals
Quadriceps
Biceps
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Trapezius
Latissimus Dorsi
Triceps
Gluteals
Hamstrings
Gastrocnemius
Muscles – In Detail
Voluntary Muscle – In Detail
Each Muscle group produces
different types of movement,
they are:

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Deltoids – abduction at
shoulder, raise arm sideways.

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Biceps – flexion of your elbow.
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Abdominals (4)– Flexion of
your trunk.
Quadriceps (4)– extension of
the leg at the knee.
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Pectorals – adduction at
shoulder across the chest.
Latissimus Dorsi – adduction of
shoulder behind back.
Trapezius – rotation of
shoulders, rotation and
hyperextension of head.
Triceps – extension of the
elbow.
Gluteals (3)– extension,
abduction, adduction of the hip.
Hamstrings (3)– Flexion of he
leg at the knee.
Grastrocnemius – extension of
the ankle (stand on your tiptoes)
Tendons
Voluntary Muscles are
attached to your bones
by TENDONS.
TENDONS are not
elastic and attach
muscle to bone.
Muscle Attachment
1.
2.
The Origin – is the
point where the
muscle tendon
attaches to the fixed /
stationary bone.
The Insertion – is
where the muscle
tendon attaches to the
moving bone.
Muscles and Movement
Muscles usually work
in pairs or groups.
E.g. the biceps flex the
elbow and the triceps
extend the elbow.
So when one muscle is
contracting the other is
relaxing.
Muscles and Movement
1.
The Prime Mover
(Agonist)
Is the muscle which is
working / contracting
and moving the bone.
2.
The Antagonist
Is the muscle which
is relaxing and not
working to move the
bone.
Muscles and Movement
Look at the picture
opposite, what is the
body builder doing?
Can you identify
which muscles are the
agonist / antagonist
when he flex’s and
extends the elbow?
Muscle Fibres

Muscles are made up of cells
called muscle Fibres.
Muscles contract (shorten)
because the muscle fibres do.

All fibres don’t all contract
at same time, it depends on
how much force is needed.

More fibres will contract in
the bicep to lift a book, than
a pencil.
Muscle fibres
There are 2 different
kinds of muscle fibres:
1.

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Slow twitch
These contract slowly,
and without much force.
They do not tire easily,
so they are suited for
endurance activities
E.g. jogging, marathon
running, standing for
long periods.
Fast Twitch

Contract much faster than
slow twitch fibres.

Bigger in size. Hence
sprinters are bigger and more
muscular than marathon
runners.

But they tire very easily /
quickly.

E.g. sprinting weightlifting
and throwing.
What type of Muscle Fibre is
required for the Javelin?
Taking a Penalty
800m and 1500m?
3000m/5000m/10,000m
Who has the largest concentration of fast
twitch muscle fibres?