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Bio150
Practice Final Exam (Chapters 14-16)
1. The enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of new RNA transcripts is called
A. RNA ligase. B. DNA polymerase. C. RNA polymerase. D. DNA helicase. E. RNA helicase.
2. An organisms hereditary information is stored in its
A. RNA. B. DNA. C. proteins. D. lipids.
E. carbohydrates.
3. Eukaryotic mRNA molecules are occasionally interspersed with non-coding sequences that must be
removed before protein synthesis. These are called
A. anticodons. B. introns. C. exons.
D. nucleosomes.
E. chromomeres.
4. Watson and Crick developed a model of DNA in which the two strands twist into the shape of a
_________________.
A. circle
B. slinky
C. double helix D. double pleated sheet
E. origami swan
5. Xeroderma Pigmentosum (XP) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder. Patients with XP exhibit a
cellular hypersensitivity to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, a high incidence of skin cancer and premature
aging. Based on these clinical characteristics, what is the underlying cause for this disease?
A. defects in DNA repair B. defects in DNA replication
C. lack of telomerase activity
D. shortened telomeres
6. Three sequential nucleotides on an RNA molecule that code for an amino acid are called a(n)
A. gene B. exon C. intron D. codex
E. codon
7. The synthesis of the growing chain of DNA is carried out by adding nucleotides to the ___ end.
A. 8'
B. 3'
C. 5'
D. 1'
E. 2'
8. The method of DNA replication, where each original strand is used as a template to build a new
strand, is called the
A. conservative method.
B. semiconservative method.
C. disruptive method.
D. continuous method.
E. replication and amplification method.
9. Hershey-Chase concluded from their experiment with T2 bacteriophage that
A. proteins are the genetic material.
B. polysaccharide coat contains the genetic material.
C. DNA is the genetic material.
D. viruses are needed for DNA to function.
E. DNA contains sulfur.
10. The chemical bond connecting one nucleotide with the next one along the nucleic acid chain is
called a
A. C = C bond. B. hydrogen bond.
C. hydrophobic bond.
D. phosphodiester bond. E. peptide bond.
11. Chargaff's rules for the pairing of nitrogen bases is
A. A = C and G = T. B. A pairs with T and G pairs with C.
C. A pairs with G and C pairs with T.
D. A pairs with C and G pairs with T.
E. T = C and G = A.
12. Which of the following statements about replication of DNA is false?
A. The two strands are separated.
B. Each strand is used as a template for making a new duplex.
C. The synthesis on each strand is in the opposite direction.
D. The newly synthesized DNA is packaged into one nucleus, and the old DNA is packaged
into another nucleus.
13. Which of the following is not true about control of gene expression?
A. In bacteria it allows them to adopt to changing environments.
B. In multicellular organisms it is critical for development.
C. In bacteria it allows them to replicate without control.
D. In multicellular organisms it allows them to maintain homeostasis.
E. In multicellular organisms it allows them to function as a whole.
14. In gene regulation, negative control is exerted by a(n)
A. activator.
B. operon.
C. promoter.
D. regulator.
E. repressor.
15. The proteins necessary for the use of lactose in E. coli are collectively called the
A. lac regulator.
B. lac suppressor.
C. lac operon.
D. lac promoter.
E. lac transcriptional operator.
16. The essence of heredity is the ability of cells to use the information in their DNA to bring about the
production of particular ________, thereby affecting what the cells will be like.
A. proteins
B. ribosomes
C. RNAs
D. helicases
17. In _________, a ribosome assembles a polypeptide, whose amino acid sequence is specified by the
nucleotide sequence in the mRNA (which itself is a copy of the template DNA).
A. transcription
B. translation
C. replication
D. synthesis
18. Gene ________ refers to the combined processes of transcription and translation.
A. expression
B. replication
C. modification
D. regulation
19. Most eukaryotic genes contain coding sequences called ________ that are interspersed with
noncoding sequences.
A. introns
B. exons
C. codons
D. DNA
20. The polypeptide-making organelles residing in the cytoplasm are called
A. ribosomes.
B. Golgi bodies.
C. lysosomes.
D. the endoplasmic reticulum.
E. mitochondria.