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Name ____________________________ Date ____________________ Class ____________ Viruses and Bacteria ■ Chapter Test Viruses and Bacteria _____ 1. A substance that stimulates the body to produce chemicals that destroy viruses or bacteria is called a(n) a. endospore. b. vaccine. c. cytoplasm. d. antibiotic. _____ 2. Organisms that live in or on a host organism and cause harm to the host are called a. parasites. c. viruses. _____ 3. Conjugation is a form of b. bacteriophages. d. flagellum. a. respiration. b. producing energy. c. sexual reproduction. d. asexual reproduction. _____ 4. The chemical factories in cells that produce proteins are called a. cytoplasm. b. cell walls. c. nuclei. d. ribosomes. _____ 5. To survive in unfavorable conditions, some bacteria form a. toxins. b. antibiotics. c. cytoplasm. d. endospores. _____ 6. Which of the following is not a characteristic of an active virus? a. multiplies quickly. c. uses energy to grow. b. has an outer coat made of proteins. d. destroys its host cell. _____ 7. The area inside the cell membrane of a bacterium is called the a. cytoplasm. b. flagellum. c. protein coat. d. nucleus. _____ 8. The best treatment for an unknown viral disease is a. an antibiotic. b. exercise. c. bed rest. d. a vaccine. _____ 9. A chemical that can kill bacteria without harming the human body is called a(n) a. virus. c. antibiotic. _____ 10. In order to multiply, a virus must a. conjugate with another virus. c. manufacture extra food. b. vaccine. d. ribosome. b. invade a host cell. d. remain hidden. © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Viruses and Bacteria Multiple Choice Write the letter of the correct answer on the line at the left. Name ____________________________ Date ____________________ Class ____________ Viruses and Bacteria ■ Chapter Test Completion Fill in the blank to complete each statement. 11. Bacteria that break down large chemicals in dead organisms into small chemicals are called ________________________. 12. The process of breaking down food to release its energy is called ________________________. 13. A(n) ________________________ is a whiplike structure that helps a bacterial cell move. 14. A virus that attacks and destroys bacteria is called a(n) ________________________. 15. The bacterium Clostridium tetani produces a poison called a(n) ________________________, which can cause tetanus. True or False Determine whether each statement is true or false. If it is true, write true. If it is false, change the underlined word or words to make the statement true. ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ 16. 17. 18. 19. Bacteria reproduce by binary fission. Hidden viruses immediately take over a host cell’s functions. Some infectious diseases by can be prevented with vaccines. Bacteria are prokaryotes. Their cells have nuclei that contain the cell’s genetic materials. ______________ 20. Asexual reproduction is the process by which two parents combine their genetic material to produce a new organism that differs from both parents. © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Name ____________________________ Date ____________________ Class ____________ Viruses and Bacteria ■ Chapter Test Characteristics Viruses Bacteria Surrounded by a cell wall Contains genetic material Requires a host organism Microscopic Causes infectious diseases Add your Own: Add your Own: 22. Interpreting Data Use the information in the table above to explain how viruses and bacteria are similar, and how they are different. Write your answer below. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Essay On a separate sheet of paper, write a brief paragraph to answer each of the following questions. 23. Give three real-life examples of ways bacteria can be helpful to humans. 24. Name the four ways infectious diseases are spread and give an example of each. 25. Describe the structure of viruses and explain how active viruses reproduce. © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Viruses and Bacteria Using Science Skills 21. Classifying Use what you know about viruses and bacteria to complete the following table. Mark an X in the box if the characteristic applies. A characteristic may apply to both. When you have finished, add one characteristic that applies to viruses and one that applies to bacteria. Name ____________________________ Date ____________________ Class ____________ Viruses and Bacteria ■ Chapter Test Using Science Skills Study the graph below and answer questions 26 and 27 in the space provided. Bacteria Growth at Three Temperatures 10,000 15°C 9,000 Number of Bacteria per mL of Culture 8,000 7,000 10°C 6,000 5,000 4,000 5°C 3,000 2,000 1,000 24 48 Time (hours) 72 96 26. Interpreting Graph What was the increase in number of bacteria per mL of culture after four days at each temperature? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 27. Writing Hypotheses Write a hypothesis regarding rate of bacteria growth and temperature that explains the graphed results. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Essay On a separate sheet of paper, answer each of the following questions with a brief paragraph. 28. You are looking at a cell under a microscope. How can you tell if you are looking at a bacterium or the cell of a different type of organism? 29. The symptoms of a viral flu are high fever, sore throat, and headache. What treatments would you recommend? Explain your answer. 30. One bacterium is placed on a dish with nutrients. Six days later, a colony of bacteria all genetically identical to the original bacterium are on the same dish. By what method did the bacteria reproduce? How do you know? © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved.