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Law Trove You are looking at 41-50 of 180 items for: SOC00550 undergraduate_postgraduate 6. Culture and Subculture David Downes, Paul Rock, and Eugene McLaughlin Print Publication Year: 2016 Published Online: Sep 2016 ISBN: 9780198747345 eISBN: 9780191809569 Item type: chapter Publisher: Oxford University Press DOI: 10.1093/he/9780198747345.003.0006 This chapter examines the cultural and subcultural theories of crime and delinquency, beginning with Albert Cohen’s 1955 analysis of ‘subculture’ in relation to delinquent behaviour by gangs and how his approach to subculture as a ‘way of life’ evolved to resolve problems facing lower-class youth in a highly competitive society. It then looks at the work of other scholars who challenged Cohen’s theory but retained much of his analytic framework, including Richard Cloward, Lloyd Ohlin, and David Matza. In particular, it discusses various theoretical perspectives linking culture and subculture to delinquency, from strain theories to Matza’s drift theory, labelling theory, and culture conflict theories. It also explores the relationship between crime and the labour market, particularly unemployment. The chapter concludes by reviewing the criticisms against subcultural theory. 12. Cybercrime Matthew Williams and David Wall Print Publication Year: 2013 Published Online: Jun 2014 ISBN: 9780199691296 eISBN: 9780191783937 Item type: chapter Publisher: Oxford University Press DOI: 10.1093/he/9780199691296.003.0012 This chapter examines the nature of cybercrime and its implications for criminology. It is organized as follows. The first part traces the evolution of the Internet as an environment for the emergence of cybercrime. The second considers the various conflicting definitional problems of cybercrime and offers a method of resolving them. The third part outlines the problems with measuring cybercrime before providing an indication of the scale of the problem. The fourth part briefly explores how those problems are being resolved. The fifth part looks at the governance and regulation of cybercrime, while the final part provides an overview of the various theoretical explanations. 2. Definitions, terminology and the criminal process Katherine S. Williams Print Publication Year: 2012 Published Online: Jun 2014 Page 1 of 4 date: 14 June 2017 Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 9780199592708 eISBN: 9780191783753 Item type: chapter DOI: 10.1093/he/9780199592708.003.0002 Course-focused and comprehensive, the Textbook on series provides an accessible overview of the key areas on the law curriculum. This chapter explains the definition of crime and how it is differently interpreted. The discussions cover the judicial process; formal sources of criminal law; enforcement of criminal laws; the criminal; terminology and classification (felonies and misdemeanours, arrestable and non-arrestable offences, and indictable and summary offences); appeals; limits of prosecution; evidence; and punishment. 5. Demystifying the PoliceSocial Research and Police Practice Robert Reiner Print Publication Year: 2010 Published Online: Oct 2014 ISBN: 9780199283392 eISBN: 9780191799402 Item type: chapter Publisher: Oxford University Press DOI: 10.1093/he/9780199283392.003.0005 This chapter explores some of the myths about police and policing in Britain by reviewing the research evidence about police practice. More specifically, it considers the police role and how effectively and fairly it is performed. It looks at studies showing whether police tactics have an impact as far as reducing crime is concerned, together with three innovative policing strategies aimed at remedying a key perceived defect of traditional patrol and detective work: ‘hard cop’, ‘good cop’, and ‘smart cop’. It also examines issues of discrimination among the police against ethnic and other minorities, women, and the socially less powerful, when dealing with them as suspects, victims, or fellow employees. 16. Developing Socio-Spatial Criminology Anthony Bottoms Print Publication Year: 2012 Published Online: Jun 2014 ISBN: 9780199590278 eISBN: 9780191783760 Item type: chapter Publisher: Oxford University Press DOI: 10.1093/he/9780199590278.003.0016 This chapter, which examines socio-spatial criminology, a field that deals with the spatial distribution of crimes and offenders, first describes three scholarly traditions in the field of socio-spatial criminology. The first, the ‘neo-Chicagoan’ criminological tradition, focuses on criminal events, and primarily employs the routine activities theory and the rational choice theory. The second tradition stresses the social structures and social dynamics of neighbourhoods, and the neighbourhood effects on criminality, especially among adolescents, while the third follows a more ethnographic and/or ‘cultural criminology’ approach. Drawing on these three traditions, the chapter considers neighbourhoods and neighbourhood effects, as well as micro-locations within neighbourhoods, particularly crime hotspots. It also looks at incivilities in public spaces and the ‘broken windows theory’ in relation to crime and criminality. Page 2 of 4 date: 14 June 2017 12. Deviance Theories and Social Policy David Downes and Paul Rock Print Publication Year: 2011 Published Online: Oct 2014 ISBN: 9780199569830 eISBN: 9780191799396 Item type: chapter Publisher: Oxford University Press DOI: 10.1093/he/9780199569830.003.0012 This chapter examines the implications of the sociology of deviance for social policy. It first considers why sociologists devote few of their resources to political activity in general and the making of social policy in particular, with emphasis on the issues of roledefinition, translatability, and salience. It then turns to some theoretical perspectives about the relationship between deviance and social policy, focusing on the work of the Chicago ‘School’ of Sociology as well as functionalist theories, anomie theory, and the Mobilisation for Youth project that put forward a theory based on a detailed analysis of the links between delinquency and social structure. It also looks at the work of Thomas Mathiesen in the field of penal reform and Ken Pease's Kirkholt project aimed at restoring informal control in estates characterised by high crime rates. 10. Dissertations and research reports Emily Finch and Stefan Fafinski Print Publication Year: 2016 Published Online: Sep 2016 ISBN: 9780198718819 eISBN: 9780191793172 Item type: chapter Publisher: Oxford University Press DOI: 10.1093/he/9780198718819.003.0011 Many criminology students will be required to produce a dissertation or research report in their final year. This chapter distinguishes between these two pieces of work and offers practical advice on the requirements of each. It addresses skills such as selecting a workable research question and developing an effective relationship with supervisors, and also provides guidance on how to organize workload and create a suitable structure for a dissertation or report. 9. Dissertations and research reports Emily Finch and Stefan Fafinski Print Publication Year: 2012 Published Online: Jun 2014 ISBN: 9780199597376 eISBN: 9780191783746 Item type: chapter Publisher: Oxford University Press DOI: 10.1093/he/9780199597376.003.0010 Many criminology students will be required to produce a dissertation or research report in their final year. This chapter distinguishes between these two pieces of work and offers practical advice on the requirements of each. It addresses skills such as selecting a workable research question and developing an effective relationship with supervisors, and also provides guidance on how to organize workload and create a suitable structure for a dissertation or report. Page 3 of 4 date: 14 June 2017 8. Drugs, alcohol, and crime Emma Wincup and Peter Traynor Print Publication Year: 2013 Published Online: Jun 2014 ISBN: 9780199691296 eISBN: 9780191783937 Item type: chapter Publisher: Oxford University Press DOI: 10.1093/he/9780199691296.003.0008 This chapter examines the relationship between crime and drug and alcohol use. The first part focuses on drug use and addresses three key issues: (a) the nature and extent of drug use; (b) the relationship between drug use and crime; and (c) strategies for reducing drugrelated crime. The second part explores the same issues in relation to alcohol use. 23. Drugs, Alcohol, and Crime Fiona Measham and Nigel South Print Publication Year: 2012 Published Online: Jun 2014 ISBN: 9780199590278 eISBN: 9780191783760 Item type: chapter Publisher: Oxford University Press DOI: 10.1093/he/9780199590278.003.0023 This chapter examines trends in drug and alcohol use and their relation to crime and criminal justice. It looks at drug control in Britain and other parts of the world, along with debates concerning the role of drug use and alcohol consumption in the proliferation of crime. The chapter also discusses law enforcement and the control of illicit drugs, highlighting criminal justice and multi-agency initiatives, and, in addition, considers drug use within ethnic minorities as well as the correlation between drug use, high rates of deprivation, and social exclusion. Finally, it explores issues associated with the treatment and rehabilitation of drug and alcohol users, and the debate over decriminalisation versus prohibition. Page 4 of 4 date: 14 June 2017