Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Brancacci Chapel wikipedia , lookup
Renaissance music wikipedia , lookup
Renaissance Revival architecture wikipedia , lookup
Renaissance architecture wikipedia , lookup
Renaissance philosophy wikipedia , lookup
Renaissance in Scotland wikipedia , lookup
French Renaissance literature wikipedia , lookup
Italian Renaissance wikipedia , lookup
THE INTELLECTUAL AND ARTISTIC RENAISSANCE Humanism, Literature, Education, Art ITALIAN RENAISSANCE HUMANISM • Humanism: secularism and emphasis on the individual • Study of classics (literary works of ancient Greece & Rome) • Grammar, rhetoric, poetry, morals, history (humanities) • Petrarch: father of Italian Renaissance humanism • • Looked for forgotten Latin manuscripts Emphasis on using pure classical Latin (Roman instead of medieval) • Early humanists (1300s) thought intellectual life was life of solitude • Later (1400s) thought intellectuals should be active in community • Many became secretaries for city-states, princes, or popes VERNACULAR LITERATURE • Vernacular: language spoken in a particular area • Classical Latin (humanist) used among scholars, lawyers, theologians • Many writers began to use vernacular • Dante & Geoffrey Chaucer made it most popular DANTE • Divine Comedy • Soul’s journey to salvation • • Epic poem Hell, Purgatory, Heaven (Paradise) • Imaginary journey through each level until he reaches God • “the love that moves the sun and the other stars” CHAUCER • The Canterbury Tales • Clear, forceful language & beautiful expression • His dialect is root of modern English • Collection of stories told by 29 pilgrims (portrayed every level of English society from high to low born) • Satire CHRISTINE DE PIZAN • The Book of the City of Ladies • • Wrote in vernacular Denounced many male writers who argued that women, by nature, were unable to learn and were easily swayed • “I assure you that women are equally well-suited and skilled to carry them out and to put them to sophisticated use once they have learned them” • Translation……? EDUCATION • Began to think about education theory • Humanists believed liberal studies allowed humans to reach their full potential • History, morals, philosophy, eloquence (rhetoric), letters (grammar/logic), poetry, math, astronomy, and music • Produce individuals who follow path of virtue and wisdom (and who can persuade others to do the same) • Greek ideal of sound mind and body (phys. ed.) • Practical preparation for life • Women not largely present • A couple attended but were not encouraged to learn math or rhetoric (focus on music, poetry, and religion) ARTISTIC RENAISSANCE: PAINTING • New Techniques • Fresco: painting done on fresh, wet plaster with water based paint • Perspective: creating the illusion of 3 dimensions (made paintings look lifelike instead of flat) • Developed by Masaccio in Florence at the beginning of the 1400s • Technical focus: understanding laws of perspective and organization of outdoor space and light through geometry • Investigation of movement and human anatomy: realistic portrayal of humans (nude) ARTISTIC RENAISSANCE: SCULPTURE & ARCHITECTURE • Donatello: spent time in Rome studying and imitating statues of Greeks & Romans (most famous for St. George) • Filippo Brunelleschi: inspired by buildings of classical Rome to create new architecture in Florence (most famous for church of San Lorenzo) • Columns and rounded arches • Comfortable space to fit humans (not divine beings like medieval churches) HIGH RENAISSANCE • 1490-1520: final stage of Renaissance painting (artistic developments) • Leonardo daVinci: mastered art of realistic painting • Dissected human bodies to better see how nature worked • Create idealized forms (perfection of nature & individual) • Raphael: regarded as one of Italy’s best painters • Madonnas (paintings of Virgin Mary) • Ideal beauty surpassing human standards • Frescos in Vatican palace reflected balance, harmony, order (principles in classical Roman and Greek art) • Michelangelo: painter sculptor, architect • Sistine Chapel • Ideal human being with perfect proportions (as reflection of divine beauty)